Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2
... describes the effect of saponins, isolated from a medicinal plant Azadirachta indica on the CNS enzymes of a stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum and a socioeconomic insect, Apis mellifera. A comparative study was designed to identify the role of saponins on insect acetylcholinesterase (AChEs). The enzyme activities were tested for the effect of saponins. The AChE a...
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
...xtracts as well as crude saponins isolated from leaves and roots of Sarcococca saligna, using disc diffusion method. The tested bacterial strains include, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, P. fluorescens and fungal strains were Aspergillus. niger, A. flavus, and D. turcica. The maximum zones of inhibition, 23.00±0.56 mm and 25.00±0.50 mm was given by ethyl acetate fraction of leaves against P. fluorescens and A. niger respectively. The crude
Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan
...ds, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and sterols, however in n-hexane fraction (HxF) only flavonoids and saponins were detected. In quantitative analysis, among all the solvents, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had highest amount of phenol (27.4 mg/g), flavonoids (15.5 mg/g) and alkaloids (3.14 mg/g), while MCE displayed maximum amount of saponins (34.3 mg/g). In the proximate analysis,...
Gregory Ejikeme Odo1,*, Juliana Ekenma Agwu1, Nkechi Nweze2, Clara Ikegbunam2,Felicia Ekeh N1, Vincent Ejere1, Ngozi Ezenwaji1, Reginald Njokuocha2, Godwin Ngwu1 and Fabian Okafor1
...ac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and tannins are moderate in abundance (other constituents such as the cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and tannins that were moderate in abundance (++). There was a dose duration dependent (p < 0.05) decrease in RBC in all the groups. There were also duration-dependent decrease in MCV values obtained in this research as against duration and dose dependent increases in MCH, and MCH...
Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef* and Suzan Abd-Elazeim Hassabo
The Role of Genetic Engineering in Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes with Emphasis on Root-Knot Nematodes: A Review
...ng gene (s) required for saponins production is effective in increasing crop yield together with fixing nitrogen. Escherchia coli is still used as a host for the recombinant DNA technology – based industrial production of proteins and peptides to manage root-knot nematode. Mi gene resistance in tomato plants has been utilized to manage M. incognita and M. javanica. Also, protoplast fusion between Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa to manage M. inc...
Ji Xu, Zhonghua Liu, Zhenhai Cui and Wenhai Zhao*
...gate the effect of gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris (GSTT) on chondrocyte injury induced by IL-1β and its possible mechanism. Chondrocytes were isolated from rat knee joints and cultured. Chondrocytes were treated with IL-1β, and chondrocytes were treated with different concentrations of GSTT. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate. The expressions of Bax, cl...
Mimi Syazwani Jaapar1, Eric Lim Teik Chung1,2*, Nazri Nayan1, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin1,2, Mookiah Saminathan3, Kalai Vaani Muniandy2, Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan1, Shokri Jusoh1, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse2,4
...he presence of steroidal saponins. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of B. decumbens diets on the in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Graded levels of B. decumbens were mixed with P. purpureum, where 10% was identified as the low-level B. decumbens diet (T2) and, 60% was identified as the high-level B. decumbens diet (T3) based on the concentration of
A.A. Tanimola† and B. Fawole1
...ls:
tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardenolides, phenols, alkaloids and anthraquinones. However, total phenol (14.3
mg/g), tannins (14.5 mg/g) and saponins (59.8 mg/g) were highest in AKY than in other aloes. Flavonoid content
(3.7 mg/g) was highest in AAR while alkaloid content was highest in AST. The infrared analyses revealed that the
Aloe species had similar functional grou...
SYED ZULFIQAR ALI ABIDI, HAFIZ ABDULLAH SHAKIR, SYED SHAHID ALI, & JAVED IQBAL QAZI*
...nnine, free amino acids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, quinine, oxalic acid and steroids). Twenty one plants showed the presence of phytochemicals. The use of piscicidal property of these plants may improve the production of aquaculture by getting rid of unwanted fish species.
Key Words: Alcoholic extract, Aqueous extract, Phytochemicals, Metabolites, Plants
... 
Riswandi1*, Ali Aim1, Muhakka1, Afnur Imsya1, Agus Wijaya2
...tochemicals (tannins and saponins), including water mimosa, giant molests, and water chestnuts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of swamp forages combination in the ration on the characteristics of rumen fermentability and methane production. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were A (guinea grass and concentrate, 7:3), B (guinea grass, water mimosa and concent...
Abdur Rauf1*, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Zia-ul-Islam3, Rizwanullah1, Ikramullah Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib4, Muhammad Khalid5 and Samrin Gul6
...e presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and phenols in the ethanolic crude extract....
ZAMARA MASOOD1, FAROOQ SALEEM1, SARFRAZ AHMAD2, TALHA JAMSHAID3, IMRAN WAHEED4,
MUHAMMAD AZEEM1, UMAR FAROOQ GOHAR5 & HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ARSALAN6, 7*
...des, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, cumarins, steroids,
proteins, and amino acids, fixed fats and oils in all fractions. Floral
extracts were found to contain highest total phenolic contents (64 to 73
mg GAE/g), whereas leaves n-hexane fraction exhibited maximum DPPH
potential (70 %). All the extracts showed promising antimicrobial activity
in terms of zone of inhibition against selected ba...
SHEHLA AKBAR*, SAIQA ISHTIAQ*, KHALID HUSSAIN, ANS MUNIR & SAIRA REHMAN
...67 μg/ml), total glycosaponins (14.95%),
total alkaloids (24.67%), total polyphenolics (28.40%) and total flavonoids
(5.67%) were found in given plant samples. were found in the samples.
Haemolytic and DNA protection studies of Misopates orontium were also
performed. Solar protection factor was calculated of all fractions by
adopting the standard procedure. By using concentration 200μg/ml and
Orooba Mohammed Saeed Ibrahim1*, Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa2, Nibras Zeyad Yahya1
...ce of alkaloids, phenol, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. The test organism was more sensitive to C. limonum compared to C. aurantium. The MICs ranged from 1.56 to 12.5mg/ml; MBCs, (3.125 - 25mg/ml) and MBC/MIC ratios (2.0-4.0). Furthermore, a time killing curve of each 4x MICs and 8x MICs concentrations of juice extract showed a distinguished bactericidal effect at 6th hr. Therefore, the use of citrus fruit juice as medicine to treat infections ...
Sara H. Zughayyar*, Amer H. Gyad
...ols, resins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, terpenes, and glycosides, while steroids and proteins were absent. The extract displayed antidiarrheal activity comparable to loperamide, showing a significant reduction in intestinal content volume and weight (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Prosopis farcta L. fruits demonstrated promising antidiarrheal activity, potentially due to the phytochemical constituents identified, warrantin...
Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko1,4*, Olubukola T. Adenubi3, Olusola L. Ajayi3, Fakilahyel M. Mshelbwala3, Johnny O. Olukunle3, Samson A. Rahman3 and Godfrey N.O. Ezeri2
.../l), flavonoids (0.46%), saponins (0.28%), tannins (0.95%). PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC were increased in all treatments but values were higher in bath treatment for RBC (3.0×1012/L), PCV (32.7%), Hb (10.7%). MCV, MCH and MCHC showed similar trend. Similar trends as in RBC and WBC were observed in total proteins. Liver and kidney functionality as expressed by ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine and BUN exhibited no damaging effect on organs. Degenerations were observed i...
Rizk, Sonia A.; El-garf, Eman M. and Talaat, Abeer A.
Tabinda Nowsheen1, Sayed Wadood Ali Shah2, Ali Hazrat1*, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar4 and Muhammad Ajmal Khan3
... flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics steroids and carbohydrates but deficient of proteins. In minimum inhibitory concentration assay, the crude methanolic extracts showed significant inhibition against all tested bacterial strains at25, 50 and 100 µg/ml. The methanolic crude extract of A. maritime various parts showed MIC of 37.5µg/ml for S. aureus which is gram-positive bacteria followed by 75µg/ml for P. aeruginosa, (gram n...
ASIFA BASHIR1, AAMIR MUSHTAQ2* & TOOBA MEHBOOB3
..., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, amino acids and proteins in crude extract with phenolic and flavonoid contents observed as 9.9 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid and 100 mg/g equivalent of rutin, respectively. Free radical scavenging activity by plant extract was observed as 68±0.33 % as compared to rutin (58±1.15 %) at concentration 2.56 mg/ml. Similarly, in vivo studies indicated that Phyllanthus emblica 80 mg/kg significantly reduce...
Shah Zeb Khan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Farman Ali Khan2, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar3, Muhammad Ajmal Khan4 and Hayat Ullah1
...kaloids, glycosides, and saponins) in the bark of V. negundo (L.) roots and stem, as well as their potential antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The crude was obtained in 95 % methanolic which was further fractionated into n-hexane (HR, HS), Chloroform (CR, CS), ethyl acetate (EtR, EtS) and butanol (BR, BS) soluble fractions by solvent-solvent extraction. In phytochemical tests of roots fractions; HR showed the presence of terpenoids, while
Featuring
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Estimation of Genetic Variability in Relation to Heterosis and Combining Ability of Wheat from Subtropical and Temperate Zones
Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol.40, Iss. 2, Pages 431-439
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Response of Sweet Sorghum Varieties to Different Fertilizer Doses for Sugar Recovery and Biomass Production Under Irrigated Conditions of Dera Ismail Khan
Faisal Ali, Abdul Aziz Khakwani, Iqtidar Hussain, Ghazanfar Ullah, Atiq Ahmad Ali Zai, Moneeza Abass, Zuhair Hasnain and Sara Zafar
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol.40, Iss. 2, Pages 418-430
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Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract and its Solution Application Forms on Growth and Yield of Okra
Wajid Ali, Muhammad Noman Khan, Ghulam Nabi, Shahid Ur Rahman, Saira Sattar, Muhammad Fawad Khan, Saeed Ur Rahman, Sayed Zubair, Qurat Ul Ain, Muhammad Sabeeh and Afsar Ali
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol.40, Iss. 2, Pages 407-417
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Assessment of Phytochemical Profiling and Therapeutic Potential of the Ethanolic Extract of Vitex negundo (L.)
Shah Zeb Khan, Ali Hazrat, Farman Ali Khan, Muhammad Yahya, Gul Rahim, Muhammad Mukhtiar, Muhammad Ajmal Khan and Hayat Ullah
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol.40, Iss. 2, Pages 395-406
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