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Aqeel Ahmad, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Irfan Aziz*

 

...al budget analysis was a reliable technique for farmers to optimize fertilizer recommendations and harvest maximum returns from their investment in agricultural business.

 

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Ryan T. Cragun1*, Joseph H. Hammer2, Michael Nielsen3

...d to develop a valid and reliable measure of (non)religiousness and (non)spirituality. This article discusses these problems, and presents the development and initial validation of a 17-item Nonreligious-Nonspiritual Scale (NRNSS) across three studies. The NRNSS exhibited high internal consistency (α > .94) and high test-retest reliability (r = .92). Two exploratory and one confirmatory factor analysis of the NRNSS supported the hypothesized two-fact...

Ayanda Opeyemi Isaac,1,* Oniye Sonnie Joshua2 and Auta Jehu2

 

...d can therefore serve as reliable indicators of toxicity in environmental impact assessment programmes.

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Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty

Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...Apolymerase allows for a reliable diagnosis of geminiviruses and presumably all viruses with small single-stranded circular DNA genomes. The results show the efficiency of this technique in characterizing viral DNA components of several geminiviruses from experimental and natural host plant sources. Nucleotide sequence data offers identification of viral molecule to strain/species level for accurate diagnosis.

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Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat

Biological control of plant diseases
...trol. It is ecofriendly, reliable, cost effective and is an integral component of integrated plant disease management framework for sustainable crop production. A considerable number of biocontrol agents have been established successfully for their bioconrol potential including strains belonging to bacterial genera such as Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Bacillus, and fungal genera such as Gliocladium, Trichoderma, Ampelomyces, Candida and Conioth...

Partha Pratim Ghosh and 2N. C. Mandal 

Some disease management practices for bacterial wilt of potato
...tain planting tuber from reliable source. So, integration between whole tuber planting or seed piece treatment units supervised management may offer better protection from the dreaded disease. Dynamic nature of disease management offers the scope for future modification.
 

 

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Muzafar Shah1,*, Mian Sayed Khan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Habib Ahmed3 and James M. Carpenter4
... Co1 gene is more reliable than 12S rRNA gene for confirmation of R. brevita position in the Vespidae family.
...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi1,*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Sohail Akhtar1Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Naveed Aslam3 and Muhammad Rafay4
...urgent need to establish reliable monitoring programs in honey.
...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1 
...evaluated through valid, reliable and pre-tested interview schedule. Data collected was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences ver. 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The study has revealed that field assistants (FA) provide new information (75 respondents). It was observed that FAs were available at their offices (70) and farmers were satisfied from the solution of problems they reported (92). Correlation coefficients demo...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...one of the effective and reliable alternative approaches for the management of this pest. As the information regarding resistant cultivars is lacking, therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify resistant sources from among the available commercial okra cultivars. Okra cultivars showed significant variations from comparative susceptibility to comparative resistance. On the basis of fruit and shoot infestation caused by H. armigera,Manc...
Anan Kenthaoand Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame*
...tests, respectively. The reliable morphometric variations in the present study suggest that management unit of C. apogon should define relied on the isolation of river drainage. Moreover, the study also indicates the involvement of environmental conditions in morphological adaptation, providing useful information for the sustainable conservation of this fish.
...
İbrahim Aytekin1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Koksal Karadas3, Rifat Akşahan4 and İsmail Keskin1
...be suggested that a very reliable prediction equation with the predictive accuracy of nearly 100 (%) was developed in practice by using MARS data mining algorithm, which a quite remarkable tool in the prediction of fattening final live weight with interaction effects of predictors and in description of breed standards, in the development of breeding strategies and especially in the detection of ideal fattening period for each breed under the condition.
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 Sumia Bint Zaman, Sidra Majeed and Shahid Ahmad*

...ountries, therefore most reliable data have been selected for analysis to assess the prospects in Pakistan. Comparative economic analysis is made in terms of oil contents, number of crops per year, yield and gross returns of oilseed crops and Jatropha. Analysis shows that increase in production of edible oil over the time is negligible against the large increase in requirement resulted in higher production gap being filled through imports. Projections made for...
Mustafa Sahin1,*, Esra Yavuz1 and Fatih Uckardes2
...d more accurate and more reliable partial regression coefficients. As a result, it was concluded that the use of RR and PCR analysis methods could be more accurate instead of the LS method under multicollinearity problem.
...

Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz*** 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
... help of a validated and reliable interview schedule through a research team comprising of four members who were properly trained for the purpose. Highest farmers' participation was perceived in supply of inputs and was ranked 1 with mean value 3.10. There existed a highly significant association between age, education, land holding, and tenancy status of the respondents and their participation in various activities being carried out under MFSCs. It is recomme...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio1, Shaista Bano Memon1, Abdul Sattar Qureshi2 and Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto
... test is the convenient, reliable and inclusive alternative to recent biological methods. This method could be applied for the identification of various enzymes on routine basis directly in bacterial cultures and biological fluids.
...

Muhammad Iftikharul Husnain1, Aneel Salman1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Tahir Mahmood3 

...iculture nexus to obtain reliable estimates of the regression coefficients. Policymakers should pay more attention to combat negative impacts of rising temperature. This will have an impact on the agriculture and hence on the livelihood of the mass population residing in South Asian countries. 

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Hülya Şereflişan and Beyza Ersoy Altun*
...Hence, these mussels are reliable sources of nutrition to cover amino acid requirements of human.
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*Nageen Fatima1, Sadia Murawwat1 and Syeda Ameena Rizvi1

EVALUATION OF IMAGE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF TRUE COMPRESSION ON 2-D IMAGE
...hat lossy techniques are reliable to save hardware memory consumption but having low CR ratio. In lossless techniques, CR ratio is higher and it uses more space to store compressed image. Proposed comparison between lossy and lossless techniques is supportive in choosing an optimal technique for image compression and facilitates the process of an efficient compression.

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Samiah Shahid1,Jawaria Shaheen1, Wajeehah Shahid2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
...lized as a sensitive and reliable technique for the determination of circulating miRNA expression. Despite recent advancements, there is not a single consensus on the use of reference gene for quantification of circulating miRNAs through qPCR analyses in ALL. In the current study, we identified the reference gene that is the most suitable for qPCR normalization in patient and control plasma samples of ALL. Three highly reported reference genes namely RNU6-2, m...
Osman Ergene1,*, Isfendiyar Darbaz1, Serkan Sayiner2 and Selim Aslan1
...EM were not individually reliable in every animal. However, it is thought that in between 28th day and 40th day, statistically significant difference (P<0.01; P <0.001 between the pregnant and EM animals can be predicted.
...
Iram Gull*, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Imran Tipu, Roohi Mushtaq and Muhammad Amin Athar
...technique are not always reliable due to inefficient overlapping of the sequences especially those derived from authenticated native sequences. Certain forbidden sequences do appear at junction of spliced genes whenever efficiency of gene fusion is improved by inserting GC rich sequences. In this study, reliable scar-less gene fusion with the insertion of sequence of choice at junction sites has been described by optimizatio...
Bo Zhang1, Changbo Zhu1, Zihao Meng1,4, Baosuo Liu1, Lian Zhong3, Guiju Huang1, Jiaqi Su1, Sigang Fan1 and Dahui Yu1,2,*
...e an appropriate, rapid, reliable, and nondestructive method to estimate TCC in bivalves.
...
Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
...tivities effectively and reliable monitoring bio-system to recognize and predict hazardous effects of pollutants. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the toxicity of endosulfan (END),deltamethrin (DM) mixture on hepatic catalase (CAT) activity of fish, Channa striata exposed to the sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) for 14 days. The CAT was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique. Res...

Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2 

...f many earlier studies unreliable. This study uses the modern time series approach of cointegration using Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing. The bounds testing showed existence of a long run relationship between Basmati rice production and the regressors used in the study. The Basmati rice production showed a positive association with its own price. The response to fertilizer price was negative as per expectations. Tubewell availability had a posit...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan2*, Ayesha Iqbal2, Amtur Rafeh2, Muhammad Tahir Waseem2 and Muhammad Ameen2
...oblasts. It is used as a reliable stress marker in different extinct mammalian taxa to trace out the level of ecological stress faced by these animals during their life histories. We have studied this defect in three extinct Siwalik tragulid species including; Dorcabune anthracotherioides, Dorcatherium majus and Dorcatherium minus. To assess habitat stability for the Neogene tragulids, dental remains from the middle Miocene-early Pliocene,...

Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry2, Muhammad Irfan3, Muhammad Khan1, Shaukat Ali4 and Saima Shahzad Mirza5 

Chiping Kong1,2, Yongheng Wu1,2, Shangling Lou1, Benping Chen3, Simon D. Dowell4 and Yiqiang Fu1*
...ness by vocalisation was reliable in the Emei Shan Liocichla. Monitoring song therefore provides a potential method to follow individuals in the field and thus facilitate ecological research of this secretive species.
...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and 
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
...CMR method, and produced reliable and accurate estimate of the population, which could help in determining sustainable trophy quota.
...

Gulfam Hassan1*, Ijaz Ashraf2, Muhammad Qavi Irshad3, Shafiq-ur-Rehman Zia2 and Muhammad Idrees

...ed using a validated and reliable interview schedule. Findings reveal that cooperation of training staff was ranked first followed by use of simple and familiar words during training sessions and provision of timely information in case of strengths of training programs. While looking into weaknesses of trainings, vegetable growers disclosed the unavailability of literature and bad condition of training equipment the top most weaknesses of trainings. On basis o...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf2, Saeed Gulzar2 and Muhammad Akmal2

... in this study gave more reliable estimates of aboveground biomass. A strong relationship (r2 = 0.99) found for tree biomass as response variable and DBH with height as explanatory variables. The significance of the model was demonstrated by F and P values. The model was found a good fit on the basis of values of sum of square (SS) of the residuals and standard error. Homogeneity of variance and normality of residuals were also validated for checking accuracy ...

Malak Atiq Ullah Khan1*, Fida Mohammad2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Sheraz Ahmad2, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Tariq Kamal

...to get more credible and reliable scrutiny of wheat genotypes in METs. 

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Nihat Yeşilayer*
...s could be practical and reliable tool for Salmonid farms as compared to other methods.
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Amna Shoaib*, Zoia Arshad Awan and Naureen Akhtar
...r the current study is a reliable and reproducible means to differentiate A. minisclerotigenes from A. flavus, indeed essential in interpretations of taxonomic and nomenclature of A. flavus group that may allow prior diagnosis and selection of effectual antifungal agents.
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Xiuqing Hao1, Zhe Hong2, Huili Gao1, Fumin Tian1, Hongke Zhang3, Yu Zhou3, Yuming Guo3, Guang Yang1,* and Bingyao Chen1,*
...935 for test data showed reliable and accurate prediction. The distance to coast (64.7% contribution) and bathymetry (30.7% contribution) were the major variables. The model predicted extensive suitable coastal habitat of seabirds in northern Beibu Gulf. The present study provided valuable baseline information and a new perspective in protecting and monitoring seabirds.
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 Gulzar Mehmood1*, M. Zahid Khan1, Haseeb Ur Rahman1, and Sohail Abbas2

AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE SESSION KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS
...ce, on the basis of this reliable
and secure data transmission, efficient required medical decision can be taken. As a result, on the spot health-care
operation can be performed by utilizing different health-care units. The proposed scheme is dynamic in nature, i.e.
if a node in the network is compromised or a new node joins the network, the process of session key establishment
is re-initiated. The proposed scheme has been evaluated...

Waqas, A. Imtiaz1, Yousaf Khan1, Syed Waqar Shah2 

COST VERSUS RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF NEW TREE-BASED HYBRID PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE FOR OPTICAL CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEM
... make it economical and reliable for deployment at the access domain. It is observed that the proposed protection
architecture provides desirable (5 nines) connection availability along with minimum cost as compared to existing
tree based protection architectures. 

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Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1 

DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
...tic shakers are the most reliable
and accurate and are increasingly used for accelerometers calibration and aerospace applications. Unlike mechanical
shakers, electromagnetic shakers can produce random vibrations and can also be used for shock tests. The reported
vibration shaker is electrodynamic type. Different parts of the vibration shaker and wind tunnel are fabricated by
conventional machining. For vibration shaker, a 1000 W sp...

Muhammad Masood Tahir1, Ayyaz Hussain2, Saeed Badshah3, Qaisar Javaid2 

RULE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BEARING FAULTS USING CENTRAL TENDENCY OF TIME DOMAIN FEATURES
...cally to approximate its reliable
central values (CVs) against the respective faults. In this way, every feature provides a set of CVs, which are
equal in number to that of faults. Separating distances among normalized CVs (NCVs) in a set provide the criteria
to select or discard that particular feature before further processing. The selected sets of NCVs are finally used as
references to generate rule-set for testing the unknown vi...

Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4

Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
...s as a tool of obtaining reliable estimations of profit efficiency of rice production. Findings from SFA reveal profit efficiency of rice farmers for TRP to be 57% and 83% for DRS farmers. The results further Bring to light the loss of 43% profit of TRP and 17% profit loss of DRS due to unsuitable combinations of inputs. Direct seeded rice farmers displayed more efficiency compared to the transplanted rice farmers. However, for DRS and TRP farmers’ oppor...

 Asif Ali Khan*, Nasru Minallah*, Shahbaz Khan**

ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERVISED CLASSIFIERS FOR CROP IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION USING MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY
...stem offer an efficient, reliable and
faster approach for estimation of tobacco crop.
 
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Syed Mufeed Hadi Naqvi1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui1, Waqar-Ul-Hassan Tareen1, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi2 and Naseeb Hussain3

Usage of Mobile Phone by Vegetable Growers and its Impact on Vegetable Production
...bile phone for obtaining reliable and authentic information about vegetables producing for enhanced production.

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 Laiq Khan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Kamran Javed3, S.W. Shah4, M.I. Khan Babar5, S.R. Akbar6

GENERATORS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING USING HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
...p;for the economical and reliable operation of a power production system. This paper presents the application of harmony search (HS) algorithm for solving generators maintenance scheduling problem. HS algorithm is quite efficient, because, the convergence rate of this algorithm is very fast. HS algorithm is based on the concept of music improvisation process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. To verify the great power of this meth...

 S.W. Shah*, M.I. Babar*, L. Khan**, M.N. Arbab*, H. Ullah*** and R.A. Syed***

RELIABLE MULTICAST IMPLEMENTATION IN JAVA
...es the implementation of reliable group communication in Java. The underlying delivery mechanism for multicast is presently based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) that provides a “best effort” delivery service. Best effort implies that IP packets are treated with essentially equal weight, and while IP makes an effort to deliver all packets to their destination, packets may occasionally be delayed, lost, duplicated, or delivered o...

Muhammad Imran1,2*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Amer Rasul3

Brown Leaf Spot: An Exacerbated Embryonic Disease of Rice: A Review
...nt source is the simple, reliable, operative and cost-effective strategy to control the diseases and maximize the yield in limited time. Due to changing the environmental conditions and appearance of the disease epidemic, the use of fungicides judiciously is the alternate significant method for quick and efficient control of diseases and improving the yield of rice. While, the use of phytoextracts and antagonist are considered to be safe, eco-friendly, cost-ef...

Muhammad Siyar1, Anwar Saeed Khan2*, Fazlur Rahman2 and Muhammad Jamal Nasir2

Spatio-temporal Assessment of Reliability in Pehur Main Canal System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...e of 0-1, 1 for complete reliable and 0 for unreliable services. The analysis shows the majority of reliability values closer to 0. Rabi season has better reliability than the Kharif Miana. The spatial reliability in different sections of the system as a whole, distributaries and minors are unpredictable. This situation points towards lack of operational maintenance of the canal system.

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Hong Hu1, 2, Li Qian1, Yuanlang Wang1, Chaodong Wu1, Xiaodong Zhang1, Yueyun Ding 1*, Li Wang1, Xudong Wu1, Wei Zhang1, Dengtao Li1, Jian Ding1, Min Yang1 and Zongjun Yin1*
...rom sequence were highly reliable by qRT-PCR confirmation. The present work will help understanding of the different mechanisms involved in fat deposition between lean and obese pigs.
...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2

Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...ites was conducted for a reliable estimation of citrus canker disease in District Sargodha of Punjab Province. Nine sampling sites showed 90 % the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and only one site was free of citrus canker disease. Total cellular DNA was isolated from freshly growing aqueous bacterial culture using CTAB protocol with modifications. Amplification of 581bp fragment from isolated DNA from bacterial isolates confirmed the presence of ...
Aamer Sharif1,*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi1 and Riaz Muhammad2
...ow cost, user- friendly, reliable and clean generation of electricity. Gravitational water vortex power plant is certainly one of such low head hydro turbines in which the potential energy of free surface flowing water is converted into kinetic energy through vortex turbine that tangentially passing the water into the basin, which forms a powerful water vortex. This study is the experimental analysis of novel runner which has the ability to maximize output pow...
Sana Mehmood1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Muhammad Summer1, Sher Muhammad Sherawat2, Shaukat Ali1*, Sajida Naseem3
...comes more authentic and reliable when merged with DNA barcoding. 
 

Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3

Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...re that are ecologically reliable, socially acceptable and economically sound. In current scenario, the nanotechnology has revolutionized the agriculture with the greatest potential of nano based insecticides for the insect pest management. The physical and chemical approaches are most widely used for the synthesis of nanoparticles but actually they are detrimental for the environment and human health. The emphasis of this review article is to critic the poten...
Ryan Septa Kurnia1* and Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto2
 

...nd its inability to make reliable predictions for human clinical trials. Recently, 3D cell culture produced by researchers to improve better mimic tissue physiology of better in vitro cell culture model. It is may enable microbiologists to create infection models that combine respiratory tissue culture engineering with the virus-relevant complexity of in vivo models. Mechanism of infection disease have shown that the normal microbiota in host hea...

Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Abdul Waheed, M. Abbas Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad, Shamsul Islam, Basharat Hussain Shah, Sohail Aslam and Qamar uz Zaman

... the trait and suggested reliable tea crop improvement through selection of the traits. Significant and positive correlation was observed among all the traits, indicating that these traits are genetically interlinked and which may facilitate indirect selection of one trait for the other trait that is genetically interlinked.

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Mohamed I. Azzam1, Safaa M. Ezzat1, K. A. El-Dougdoug2, Badawi A. Othman2

...ants the need to develop reliable indicators for enteric viruses contamination. This
work assesses the bio-diversity of coliphages to use as bio-indicators for viral water
pollution. The study elucidates the occurrence of enteric viruses at various locations in
Rosetta Branch of the Nile River in addition to five main drains located on its sides which
selected for confirmation the eco-diversity of aquatic viral i...
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
...s considered as the most reliable. Some antiviral drugs have shown to be effective against the virus like Favilavir, Remdesivir, Chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine, Tocilizumab etc. but further clinical studies are required to confirm their efficacy. In Pakistan, blood plasma therapy is in high demand but involves the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens. As Pakistan lacks medical facilities. the government has to get testing kits and primers from other...

Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Muhammad Amin3, Muhammad Sadiq Hashmi4, Nafees Ahmad5 and Rasheed Ahmad6

...o the lack of ground and reliable data towards the targets of sustainable development goals in the area.

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Hina Afzal*, Sarfraz Hassan, Muhammad Khalid Bashir and Asghar Ali 

...ting technique to obtain reliable estimates of total factor productivity. The study covered total factor productivity growth period from 1973-2020. Results indicated that the overall economy average TFP growth rate is higher from 1981 to 1990 in the agriculture sector of the country. The TFP growth of agriculture sector was higher in this decade. Comparison between the TFP with other sectors like industrial and services, having 1.51%, 4.01% and 4.12%. TFP has ...
Donglai Li1,Mei Han1,Huw Lloyd2, Linyu Jin1, Lei Zhang1, Jiangxia Yin1 and Dongmei Wan1*
...ar fledging. The lack of reliable cues of EP copulations (EPC)s by social mates available for the males, and/or the absence of strictly environmental pressure on males that would favor discrimination may account for a lack of an adjustment in feeding effort. The absence of discrimination between own and EPP chicks in parental care suggests that females pay no fitness cost as a result of EPCs, which may explain the high frequency of EPY in nests.
...

Khalid Mehmood1*, Abdul Rehman2 and Ammara Khan1

... for availability of the reliable seed of improved crop varieties to the farmers. The extension department may encourage the conventional farmers to adopt the improved varieties of groundnut through special training programs.

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Liyun Chang1, Yingbin Chen1, Qian Kang1, JianhuaQin1,* and Zhiyong Liu2,*
...lting curves, suggesting reliable specificity of the cytokine primers. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 of infected group were all up-regulated, demonstrating an important role of cytokines in controlling C. parvum infection. Hence, these findings suggest that expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6cytokines could be used as reference for diagnosis of C. parvum

Usman Asghar1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Umer Rashid2, Naeem Mahmood Ashraf2, Sumera Afsheen1 and Muhammad Hashim1

...on methods are ideal and reliable. DNA was extracted from muscle tissues of cow, buffalo, goat, donkey and a dog. A set of degenerative primers was designed for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of the cytochrome b gene fragment. All PCR was accomplished at the same reaction conditions. Amplified products had a length of 400 bp, which was our estimated length. After the sequencing of these amplicons, In silico restriction analysis was performed for each specie. ...

Azra*, Muhammad Awais, Alam Khan and Muhammad Shoaib

...S estimation results are reliable since these variables do not suffer from Endogeneity problem.

...

Shuhuan Li1*, Yongheng Bo2, Youzhi Li3 and Xiuzhen Yang2

...oviding an effective and reliable method for the detection of atropine residues in beef. 
...
Zahra Naz1,2, Fouzia Ismat1, Muhammad Saleem2, Mazhar Iqbal1, Aamir Shehzad1 and Moazur Rahman1,2*
...g diagnostic antigen for reliable detection of NDV infection in chickens. In the present study, we have devised a strategy for extraction and solubilization of the NDV M protein from Escherichia coli in a single step using a non-ionic detergent, lauryl-dimethylamine oxide (LDAO), enabling the purification of the detergent-solubilized M protein in a soluble form through affinity chromatography without compromising the structural integrity of the protein. Using ...

Hafiz Qaisar Yasin1*, Dora Marinova2 and Muhammad Naveed Tahir3

...ed irrigation supply and reliable service delivery.

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Pharaoh C. Sianangama1*, Brian Tembo2, Sylvia J. Harrison1, Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,3 

... being sufficient to get reliable results.

Keywords | Dairy cattle, Maize, Pregnancy detection, Punyakoti test, Seed  

...

Phan Truong Khanh* and Tran Thi Hong Ngoc

...results also showed that reliable projections of water requirements at different spatial scales enable water management authorities to assess and upgrade irrigation infrastructure and manage water allocation to meet for rice production.

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Umar M. Bello1*, Samuel A. Ojo1, Abdurrahman Ghaji1, Ambrose A. Voh (Jr)2, Muazu N. Bappah3, Casmir O. Igbokwe4  

... order to provide a more reliable, non-invasive method for defining the reproductive phase and determining the optimum time of ovulation, fifteen (15) apparently normal, non-pregnant cycling Red Sokoto does were used to evaluate exfoliative vaginal cytology sequential pattern; as well as temperature (rectal and vaginal) changes relative to various stages of the oestrus cycle. The does were synchronized by treatment with two luteolytic dosages of PGF2α a...

Yuejing Yang1,2, Mengbin Xiang1,2, Zhengshi Zhang3, Minrui Zhou1, Bingjie Hu1, Tingsen Jing1, Zhe Li1, Fenglin Liu1, Hui Luo1, Qinglu Li1* and Hua Ye1*

...In order to acquire some reliable molecular genetic markers for growth traits, correlation analysis between 31 SNP markers and growth traits in S. prenanti was analyzed using 164 samples with the same growth conditions. Principal component analysis showed that the body weight accounted for 94.50% of the variance, the eigenvalue was greater than 1, and the accumulative variance was more than 85%. So, the body weight was the first principal component of the grow...
Rafik Soliman1, Neven Waheeb2, Essam Nasr2, Mahmoud El-Hariri1, Heidy Abo-Elyazeed1, Hassan Aboul-Ella1*
...apid kits alone may be unreliable for the detection of tuberculosis-infected cattle. 
 
Keywords | Bovine tuberculosis, tuberculin skin test, lateral flow kits for antibody detection, ELISA, Rapid diagnostics, dairy industry, Human health hazards, Granulomatous diseases
...

Saba Iqbal1, Salman Khurshid1*, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat-Ul-Ain Akbar1, Aqeel Ahmed Siddique3, Saqib Arif1, Shahid Yousaf2, Masooma Munir4, Abdul Karim Khan4, Shazia Arif5,  Abdul Ahad6 and Muhammad Arif7

... NIR technique is rapid, reliable and does not require expertise for operation, it has a great potential for utilizing in grain testing laboratories to support our grain industry and trade. 

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AZKA ASIF, HAREEM MOHSIN*, SADIA N CHAUDHRY, & WARDA FATIMA

...in combinations to get a reliable picture.
 
Key Words: Biosurfactants, screening assays, Oil Spreading Technique, Tilted Glass Slide Test, Emulsification index E24, Emulsification assays.
...

Hayam S. Abdelkader1; Gamalat M. Allam1; T. A. Moustafa2; and M. El-Hanunady2

...described here is rapid. reliable and highly recommended to be used in such virological and pathological studies.

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Ibrahim Elmaghraby*, Abdel-Baset I. El-Mashad, Shawky A. Moustafa, Aziza A. Amin 

...anges and other features reliable for malignancy. Importantly, granulosa-theca cell tumor exhibited a wide spectrum of histologic patterns as micro/macrofollicular, trabecular, diffuse sheets and Call-Exner bodies; or uncommon patterns as solid follicular, luteinized, insular, tubule-like, and Sertoli-like. Immunohistochemically, the results indicated that vimentin was markedly expressed in the majority of sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs), and melan A was typic...

Asmaa A Darwish* 

.... TAC and IL-1β are reliable biomarkers for urine retention in sheep while, IL-1α, TNF-α, Fb, and ferritin are better for urethral process resection outcomes prediction.
 

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Ihab G. AL-Shemmari1*, Ali Hussein Fadhil1, Mohammed Assad S. Alkabi1, Eman Jawad Jabber2 

...ture yielded the highest reliable results, suggesting that this method might be employed as a rapid regular screening test. 

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Shiferaw Demissie Tola1, Diriba Muleta2, Fassil Assefa2 and Beira Hailu Meressa1*

...f Pi could generate more reliable information on the host status of pepper varieties. 

...
Subudao Eerdun1, Hai Si1, Rui-Lin Tian1,2*, Hua Mei1, Caicike Badumu1 and Ridunhu Hu1
...us licenti, which is the reliable basis for identifying the two species.

...
Moustafa A. Zaghloul1*, Mohamed F. Azooz1, Saleh E. Ali1*, Heba M. Soliman1, Maha M. Sayed1, Mohamed H. Kafafy2 and Alaa R. Morsy1
...ne responses making it a reliable model for future in vivo and in vitro studies for control LSD infection in Egyptian cattle dairy farms.
...

Raof*, Amal M. A.; Haleem*, Iman Y.; Aly*, Nawal M.; * *Garhy, M.M. and Hosny***, Gehan A.

...onsidered to be the most reliable indicator of present or past infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vaccinated animals. An indirect ELISA was established, for detection of the antibody response to FMDV NSP 3ABC using commercial ELISA kit (Prio-check) for l065 serum samples were collected (735) from Sharkia and (330) from Kafr ElSheikh Governorates during 2009 from cattle and buffaloes. The higher percentage of positive was detected in Sharkia ...

Nasr-Eldin1 , M. A.; El-Dougdoug2, K. A.; Othman2, B. Ahmedi , Sabah A, and Abdcl-Azizl , S. Il.

...g hybridization was more reliable than dot-blot hybridization in viroid detection. HSVd was isolated on Cucumis sativus L. cv. Alpha plants which showed specific symptoms severe mosaic, vein clearing, rugosity and yellowing spots. CEVd was isolated on Gynura aurantiaca plants which showed specific symptoms mild mosaic and mottling and Lycopersicon esculantum L. cv. Castle rock reacted with PSTVd producing leaf curl and epinasty.  
...

Iftikhar Alam1*, Sumbal Ali1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Aneela Tahmeed1, Hafsa Nawaz1, Shumail Bakht1 and Muhammad Farooq3*

...of the health story is a reliable scale.

...

El-Sayed • l , Eman H; Mahfouze , Sherin A.; Shaltout ,A. D.; El-Dougdoug3 ,Kh. A. and Sayed1 , R. A.

... The DNA based marker is reliable and reproducible for mutant selection for BBTV and BMV resistance banana plants used in the study. Explants from shoot apical meristem were cultured on MS-medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2, 4-D (2, 4 and 6 mg/l) 6-Benzylaminopurine (6, 7 and 8 mg/l), and Sodium Aide ranging from (1, 2 and 3 mg/l) for induction of mutation. In vitro screened plants after rooting were hardened and acclimatized in the glass h...

Abd Elwanis, N.D.; Abou El Khair, M.A.; Afaf H. Amin; Azab, A. and A.O. Abd El Rahman

...ovided a faster and more reliable • immune response against the H5N2 viral antigen after immunizing 3 weeks old chicken with a dose of 0.3 ml/bird, inoculated subcutaneously (s/c) in the nap of the neck, was fairly enough to evoke the required level of immunity. The approach through which this vaccine could be used as a possible potential vaccine candidate for protection of chickens against the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus has been discu...

Sahar, A. Youssef t ; M.M.A. Al-Dhaher 2 and A.A. Shalaby 

...RT-PCR was found to be a reliable method, thus proving the efficiency of this method (meristem tip culture) for GLRaV-l and GFLV elimination.

...

Faisal Alsaaq

...dae (Groupers), known as reliable indicators of reef health and effective predators, respectively, as they were adequately represented. The family Labridae exhibited the highest number of species (16), followed by Scaridae (13). Overall, the assessment revealed the healthy nature of the Al-Wajh region in terms of fish stock, providing valuable insights for conservation and management efforts.

...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

April

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 2, pp. 503-1000

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