Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth
Email: kohlc@rki.de
...g our developed TUViD-VM protocol and selected other approaches regarding their suitability in metagenomics. We provide an overview on the difficulties, challenges and opportunities that developed alongside metagenomic virus discovery. The field of metagenomics from clinical specimens promises the identification of novel, yet unknown, infectious diseases and etiologies....
John Gachohi, Simon Karanja, Salome Wanyoike, Nduhiu Gitahi, Salome Bukachi, Kenneth Ngure
Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns
...tion, better vaccination protocols and infection control in the future....
Rauf Ahmad1, Karam Ahad2 and Aziz Ullah Shah3
...ates obtained for onward protocol was 43%, 24% and 0% respectively. The overwhelming of hybrid candidates with good quality indicates that they have common source, origin and or different brands of the same company.
... 
Muhammad Ashfaq,1 Shamim Akhtar,2 Saleem Akhtar2,* and Mariyam Masood2
...ext-align: justify;">PCR protocol was developed to detect hyperparasitism in cotton mealybug. Cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive and major pest on cotton. Aenasius bambawalei (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an effective parasitoid of mealybug and has been the backbone of the biological control program of cotton mealybug in Pakistan, but its multiplication for inundative releases has been impacted by a ...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1*,Ibrahim Alhidary1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Rifat U. Khan3, Abdel Raouf S. Bello4, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2 and Ramzi A. Amran1
... the effect of different protocols of alfalfa hay supplementary on ruminal characteristics and performance of growing Naemi lambs fed TMR. Four groups, each of 3 months old growing Naemi male lambs (28.85±1.09 kg), were fed on TMR (NDF=41. 95%) (T1). TMR plus 100 g alfalfa hay (NDF= 43.3%) daily (T2), TMR plus 200 g alfalfa hay (NDF= 43.3%) every two days (T3) and TMR plus 300 g alfalfa hay (NDF= 43.3%) every three days (T4). Rumen fluid samples were an...
Mushtaq Ahmad1,*, Mehboob Ahmed1,2 and Nasim Ahmad1
...the steps of AO staining protocol for buffalo sperm which has not been explored yet. Semen was collected from two mature buffalo bulls, diluted in tris citrate egg yolk based extender and cryopreserved using standard protocol. The semen straws were thawed at 37oC and stained using different protocols as followed: Protocol 1 (washing effect); w...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
...e genetic transformation protocol developed in this study will possibly improve the efficiency to produce new transgenic maize lines expressing desirable agronomic characteristics. ...
Liana Mihaela Fericean1* and Mihaela Corneanu2
...Aphis nasturtii a protocol for the prevention and control can be established.
...
Carolina A. Bonin1,2, Eric A. Lewallen2,3, Andre J. van Wijnen3, Marta Jussara Cremer4 and Paulo C. Simões-Lopes5*
...mployed the group follow protocol, which resulted in 260 h of direct observation. Our results revealed feeding as the most frequent activity in the estuary, totaling nearly two thirds of all records. We also identified two sites of Guiana dolphin habitat preference in our study area, where sightings remarkably totalled > 62% of observation records. These sites (especially Guaraqueçaba Bay) were not only important for feeding, but also for S. guian...
Sumaira Zareen1, Syeda Sadaf Zahra2, Ayeza Mehmood3, Muhammad Asadullah4* and Aish Muhammad5
...mize an in-vitro culture protocol for propagation of an endangered medicinal plant Neurada procumbens L. from Cholistan desert in Pakistan. Nodal segments from healthy grown plants were used as explants and cultured on standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of benzyl amino purine (BAP) or kinetin for shoot induction and Indole acetic acid (IAA) for primary shoot and Indole Butyric acid (IBA) ...
Tasawar Sultana*, Farah Deeba* and S.M. Saqlan Naqvi*
HIGH-THROUGHPUT AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA IN COMPARISON TO TWO EXPRESSION VECTORS
...-mediated transformation protocols. In current study, M. truncatula transformed plants expressing OsRGLP1 were obtained through GATEWAY technology using pGOsRGLP1 (pH7WG2.0::OsRGLP1). The transformation efficiency of this vector was compared with expression vector from pCAMBIA series over-expressing same gene (pCOsRGLP1). A lower number of explants generated hygromycin resistant plantlet for instance, 18.3 with pGOsRGLP1 vector as compared to 35.5% with pCOsRG...
Aqsa Gulzar1, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2 and Asma Anjum3
...ut by MTT - colorimetric protocol on HeLa cells (cervical disease) and Luminol-improved chemiluminescence assay, respectively. The novel Schiff bases 4a and 4b have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-[(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-N-[4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)phenyl]acetamide with 3-nitro and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was done by using various spectroscopic techniques namely FTIR, proton and carbon-13 NMR, Mass ...
Kashifa Naghma Waheed1,2,*, Zaid Mehmood2 and Sikender Hayat1
...mud by ICP-OES following protocols of AOAC from five randomly selected sugar mills situated in South Punjab, Pakistan. It was observed that the samples contained potential amounts of essential elements, while the toxic elements were present in low quantities. The results were statistically analyzed and compared for their significance and showed significantly higher quantities of Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mg followed by relatively lower quantities of Al, Mn and low quanti...
A.H. Shahzad1, A. Sattar1,*, A. Husnain1, I. Ahmad2, N. Ahmad1, D. Nak3 and Y. Nak3
...DR-Ovsynch based resynch protocol in lactating Holstein cows at two different geographical locations. On location A, 160 postpartum cows were enrolled in standard CIDR-EB protocol. Cows were subjected to timed AI and randomly assigned into two groups: 1) control (n=70), subjected to AI on detected estrus (AIDE) from d18-d30 post TAI. Pregnancy rate was diagnosed on d30, d60 and d90 post TAI, 2) resynch (n=90) received...
Muhammad Aslam Rajput1,3, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Rehana Naz Syed3 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi3*
...ized germplasm screening protocols as well as optimized inoculation techniques are required. The pathogen inoculation method should be less cumbersome, simple, and rapid. Here, we compared the effectiveness of six different inoculation methods, i.e., dipping, paste, wound+paste, soil infestation, spraying and injection methods for the establishment of smut disease. It appears that disease expression was significantly influenced by pathogen inoculation method. ...
Jawaria Shaheen1, Samiah Shahid1, Sabahat Shahzadi2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
...was isolated by standard protocol of centrifugation and then isolation of total RNA including miRNA was done. About 100ng of isolated miRNA was converted to cDNA after addition of poly (A) tailing and then expression profiling was done by using real time-qPCR technique in which miR-specific DNA primers were used to increase sensitivity of reaction. Expression of miRNA panel was normalized with mir-16 and expression fold change was calculated by 2-Δ&...
Asad Sultan1, Rabia Ali1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1 and Ambrina Tariq3
...on period). Standard lab protocols were adapted to measure proximate analysis, minerals and phytate content in grain and fecal samples. Sorghum cultivars were different in nutrient profile with red higher in protein content (11.41%). It was observed that phytase inclusion in grain increased the availability of all nutrients except crude lipids. Total tract nitrogen retention was increased by 3% in red sorghum compared to white. Minerals absorption was increase...
Wali Khan1,*, Mudassar Iqbal2 and Israr Khan2
...ke appropriate treatment protocol. All the infected children were randomly divided into 2 groups (A and B). Children in group A were treated with albendazole (bendazol) 400mg/kg while children in group B were treated with albendazole (zentel) 200mg/kg orally once a time. Eggs per gram of faeces were counted in each group before and after treatment. The % efficacy of albendazole (bendazol) and albendazole (zentel) against ancylostomiasis, ascariasis, taeniasis ...
Abid Hussain Shahzad1, Abdul Sattar1,*, Nasim Ahmad1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Deniz Nak3 and Yavuz Nak3
...iency of standard Ovsych protocol (OVP0) and its modified forms (OVP5 and OVP7) as postpartum reproductive management tools in cyclic dairy cows. In total, 167 Holstein cows were randomly divided into three treatment groups. The OVP0 group was comprised of 58 cows. Other two groups, OVP5 (n=55) and OVP7 (n=54), were similar to OVP0 except the intravaginal insertion of controlled internal drug release (CIDR) inserts for 5 or 7 days, respectively. Pregnancy was ...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Khalid Usman2*, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil3, Abdul Mateen Khattak4, Muhammad Ehsan Elahi1, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik2 and Amir Hamza2
...he required results. The protocols of using solar tunnels needed fine-tuning of temperature and relative air humidity, which affect fruit quality. During dates’ drying process high temperature and low humidity is required. This research was conducted at Arid Zone Research Center, D.I. Khan, Pakistan for quick and safe ripening of date fruits under controlled conditions. For ripening of date fruits, 35 ± 5°C temperature and 80 ± 5% relat...
Betül Ayça Dönmez, Sarbesh Das Dangol and Allah Bakhsh*
... We aimed to develop the protocol for transformation of Solanum chacoense diploid M6 potato using tetraploid S. tuberorsum cv. Desiree as a control using five different Agrobacterium strains harboring pBIN19 binary vector that further contains gusA gene, interrupted by an intronic sequence, under the control of 35S CaMV promoter. After transformation, we analyzed the transformation efficiencies of each of the Agrobacterium strains using the histochemical GUS a...
Amna Qazi1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Shafquat Yasmeen2, Shahla Karim Baloch1, Muharram Ali1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Sagheer Ahmad3, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani4 and Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2
... mature micropropagation protocols for new elite sugarcane cultivars can help in rapid multiplication of disease-free potential material to occupy large area in short time span, giving the phenomenon paramount economic importance. ...
Daniel Cocan1, Vioara Mireşan1, Florentina Popescu1, Radu Constantinescu1, Aurelia Coroian1, Călin Laţiu1, Romulus Valeriu Flaviu Turcu3, Alexandru Ştefan Fărcăşanu3 and Cristian Martonos2,*
...rbo RARE High Resolution protocols were used, based on the echo-type RF pulse sequence. In transversal sections, organs, blood vessels, and bone formations appear unchanged in shape, size, appearance and location. For the studied species, the venomous glands, together with the first radius of the pectoral and dorsal fins, as well as the muscular fascicles attached to the radius, are forming the venomous apparatus. Triangular positioning of pectoral and dorsal ...
M. Hammouchi1*, G. Sebbar1, N. Touil2, C. Loutfi1, Y.S. Malik3, M. El-Harrak1 and O. Fassi-Fehri4
...tally infected using the protocol previously validated for Alpine goats. The infected animals showed mild or no clinical signs of disease, with low levels of viral RNA detectable in swabs and fecal samples taken at the peak of infection. The transmission of the disease to animals (Timahdid breeds) brought into contact without manifestation of clinical signs, may indicate that local breeds of sheep might play an important role in the prevention of dissemination...
Muhammad Amir*1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Michael J. Pont2
FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
...oller Area Network (CAN) protocol have been inherently
plagued by flexibility and fault-management issues since they were introduced. The easiest way out of such issues
is to adopt the more flexible/fault-manageable but expensive protocols such as the Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP)
and FlexRay. Looking at the cost-effective nature of CAN and its widespread ...
Gulzar Ahmad*, Sahibzada Faheem*, Amjad Ullah*, Waqar Shah*, S.M. Majid Ashraf*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELAY PROTOCOLS USING SIMULATION
... in cooperative relaying protocols. The performance is evaluated in terms of average symbol error under various ranges of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) probabilities. A three node system i.e. source, relay and destination, placed on the edges of equilateral triangle, has been proposed using Maximal ratio Combiner (MRC) method by combining signals from source and relay at destination point. The transmission path is modeled as a frequency non-s...
Inayat Ullah*, Shah Khusro**, Saeed Mahfooz**, Azhar Rauf**
IMPACT OF NETWORK SCALABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RIP AND IGRP FOR EMAIL SERVICES
...tworks, in which routing protocols are used to automate the process of routing. Routing protocols dynamically determine best path(s) to every network. Routing protocols are classified as distance vector and link-state routing protocols. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing
Zeeshan Sabir*, M. Inayatullah Babar*, Saeed Ur Rehman**, Amjad Ullah Khattak * Syed Riaz Ul Hassnain*
EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET ENVIRONMENT BASED ON TCP WINDOW SIZE EVALUATION
...imarily depends upon the protocol running at the backend for routing the packets between the mobile nodes of the network. Each of these protocols has its own pros and cons in different scenarios. In this paper we have simulated an environment of MANETs consisting of a few Mobile nodes that tend to form a network amongst eachother during their random mobile behaviour. The environment has been simulated usi...
Majid Ashraf, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Tariqullah Jan
EFFICIENT ROUTING SCHEME FOR UNIDIRECTIONAL LINKS IN MULTI-HOP NETWORKS
...d AODV-Blacklist routing protocols in Multi-hop networks. The performance analysis when compared with the three routing protocols to manage unidirectional links shows that our proposed ARR scheme is superior to the AODV and AODV-Blacklist....
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
...Five different treatment protocols were applied for recovery of the affected cows; where no significant differences were estimated among the treatment protocol in contrast to recovery from LSD. However, dexamethasone, chlorpheniramine maleate, combination of oxytetracycline and meloxicam showed apparently good results. Interestingly, most of the household in this study area never used mosquito curtains at their cattle house ...
Markus I. Francis1*, Paul I. Ankeli2, Clara N. Kwanashie1, Jibril Adamu1, Lushaikyaa Allam1, Mashood A. Raji3, Godwin O. Egwu4, Flavio Sacchini5 and Massimo Scacchia5
Detection of Mycoplasma bovis from Cattle Presented for Slaughter in Adamawa and Taraba States, Northeastern Nigeria
...d on standard laboratory protocols. An overall Mycoplasma bovis isolation rate of 0.83% (4/480) was obtained. Based on the states studied, 1 (0.35%) and 3 (1.53%) M. bovis were isolated from Adamawa and Taraba States, respectively with an insignificant association between M. bovis infection and the states sampled (P>0.05). Based on organs/site sampled, 2 (5.40%) isolates of M. bovis were from lung tissues and 1 (2.70%) were from both pleural fluid and ear s...
Muhammad Khan1, Tehmina Ameer Khan1, Aziz Ud Din2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah3,*, Kalim Ullah4, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...sing Phenol: Chloroform: protocol. The target genes were amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified gene products were sequenced and compared with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) Accession-No. N_012920.1. Four mutations in 16S-rRNA gene have been identified viz mt-2552T>A, mt-1811A>G, mt-1888A>G and mt-2467A>T and two are novel, mt- 2552T>A and mt-2467A>T while others have been previously report...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2
Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...erial culture using CTAB protocol with modifications. Amplification of 581bp fragment from isolated DNA from bacterial isolates confirmed the presence of pathogen i.e. X. axonopodis pv. citri. The amplified PCR product was purified and further confirmed by sequencing which showed 100% similarity with 40 nucleotide sequences of X. axonopodis pv. citri submitted in NCBI. Relative efficacy of six antibiotics (Streptomycin sulphate, Oxytetracycline, Cefalexin, Kas...
Muhammad Amir1*, Syed Waqar Shah1, Salman Ilahi1 and Michael J. Pont2
Integrating TTC-SC5 and TTC-SC6 “Shared-Clock” Protocols
...ave developed two new SC protocols based on star topology. In both bus and star-based designs, the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol was used for network communications. Previously we have demonstrated that both new protocols in their individual capacities have the potential for addressing issues relating to Time-Triggered Cooperative (TTC) scheduling, Time Triggered bus-based CAN net...
Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3
Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...d environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Insect pests are main density dependent factors that deteriorate the quality and production of various crops i.e. vegetables, fruits, ornamental and field crops. In past decade, these insect pests had been controlled by the application of synthetic insecticides but due to the injurious application of these insecticides causes the development of resistance, environmental pollution, pest resu...
Kamal Al-Samawi1, Mohamed Al-Hassan2, Hussein Migdadi3,4*, Megahed Ammar5 and Salem Alghamdi3
...onized using the ovsynch protocol level in combination with natural mating (NM). Blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 15, 23, 35, and 60 days post NM. Levels of ISG15 and ISG17 mRNAs were assayed using real-time PCR, and serum progesterone (P4) concentrations were assayed using an ELISA kit. Pregnancy detection was performed by US on 23, 35, and 60 days post NM. Serum P4 concentration was significantly higher in pregnant than non-p...
Caner Öztürk1*, Mücahid Onay1 and Neşe Hayat Aksoy2
Haris Setiawan1, Aris Winaya1,*, Herwintono Herwintono1, Mulyoto Pangestu2 and Yayuk Kholifah3
...ocessed according to the protocol at Singosari AI Centre. Semen extender were supplemented with SFE, G0 = 0 % SFE, G1 = 2 % SFE, G2 = 4 % SFE, G3 = 6 % SFE and G4 = 8 % SFE. Each of the treatments was repeated three times. The sperm mortality and motility datafrom SFE treatments were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed no significant effect on the mortality and motility of spermatozoa (P > 0.05) amongst the treatment. However, th...
Ahmed A. Kheder
...nsitivity of the RT-LAMP protocol was tenfold higher than that of conventional RT-PCR. Finally it is recommended to use LAMP assay which is useful for researchers, seed production specialists and was suggested to the Egyptian quarantine system which is interested in determining strawberry virus infections by using a single assay....
Ahmed F. Afify1, Mohamed A. Shalaby2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and Amal S. Gaber1
...resent study to design a protocol for isolation
trials and characterization of equine arteritis virus from field specimens. A total of
548 samples were collected from governmental and private studs of Arabian horses
and also foreign horse breeds, including 540 serum samples, among these, 4 EDTAblood
and 4 semen samples. Serologically, indirect ELISA was performed on 540
serum samples. 130 samples were...
Ola Youssef 1; EL-Deeb A.H.2 Nassif S.A.1 and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi 2.
...national quality control protocol for evaluation of recombinant H5
vaccines had been established yet so, these vaccines are evaluated by applying the conventional QC
tests such as identity, safety, purity, potency and efficacy that were not satisfactory in vaccine
evaluation.
Objective: The present study was conducted to standardize a protocol for quality control and
Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Hussein A. Hussein2
...v>for vaccine evaluation protocol.
...
Jehan Dastagir, Muhammad Amir*, Bilal Ur Rehman, Shahid Hameed and Majad Ashraf
... one of the existing TCP protocols. Firstly, the proposed approach looks into various queue limits e.g. Drop Tail and RED. Evidently, a comparison of these two queue limits vividly demonstrates that RED demonstrates a better performance when it comes to attainment of optimized TCP congestion control. This investigation is naturally followed by simulating different TCP versions such as TCP Tahoe, TCP Sack, TCP NewReno, TCP Reno and TCP Westwood for checking and...
Aamer Abbas1, Jabbar Khan1*, Mir Abid Hassan2, Asif Qayyum3 and Hamed Shafiq4
... was done using standard protocols. Healthy women were used as negative controls. This study revealed significant concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu. Except Zn and Pb, the other 3 metals were found below the permissible limit set by WHO. Interestingly, the infertile males having maximum age limit of above 47 years and highest marriage ages during the present study showed comparatively higher concentrations of all the heavy metals. Zinc was found with highest...
Mazhar Ullah and Mohammad Sayyar Khan*
...justify;">Tissue culture protocols with enhanced efficacy are prerequisite for the effective micro-propagation of sugarcane. Various factors affecting tissue culture must be evaluated and optimized to produce maximum callus and regenerated plantlets. In this research, different auxins [Dichlorophenoxy Acetic acid (2,4-D), Nephthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)], cytokinin [Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP)] either alone or in combination with each other and carbon sources [suc...
Khanitta Ruangwittayanusorn1, Doungnapa Promket1*, Kamonnate Pimrueng1, Jennarong Kammongkun2
...hickens (HPHC). PCR-RFLP protocols were used to identify polymorphisms of both genes. The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes of DRD2 were 0.05, 0.40, and 0.55, respectively. The frequencies of T and C alleles of DRD2 were 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. Regarding VIP, the frequencies of II, ID and DD genotypes were 0.59, 0.28, and 0.13, respectively. The frequencies of I and D alleles of VIP were 0.73 and 0.27, respectively. The as...
Stefan Pratama Chandra1, Yoanes Maria Vianney1, Theresia Liliani Christie2, Merlyn Wongso2, Melisa Widjaja2, Deok-Chun Yang3, Se Chan Kang4, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum5,6 and Johan Sukweenadhi1*
...the plant tissue culture protocol for the mass production of P. ginseng root cultures. This paper is the first report of in vitro P. ginseng culture in Indonesia. The initial stage of the mass production focused on optimizing the culture conditions: inoculum weight (100 g, 150 g, 200 g), medium volume (12 L, 13 L, 14 L), medium formulation (“A”, “B”), and incubation temperature (15 °C to 20 °C and 21°C t...
Yin-Hua Wang1,2, Yi-Bing Zhu1, Li Jiang1, Bin Du3 and Xiu-Ming Xi1*
Mohamed Saeed M. Hassan¹, Hitham Abdel-Saeed1*, Kawkab Abd El Aziz Ahmed2, Ossama Mohamed Abdou1
...igations and therapeutic protocol decisions.
Keywords | Anemia, Dogs, Etiopathologies, Hematology, Biochemistry.
...
Yahia A. Amin1*, Alaa Eldin Z. Mahmoud2, Mohamed Sabry Aref3, Abd El-Latif Shaker Seddek4, Waleed Younis5
...the end of the treatment protocol, the herd reproduction management was applied to all treated cows. Results showed that different bacterial species were isolated (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella). The infection is either a single infection (Staphylococcus only), or a mixed infection, while the control group has no bacterial growth. Staphylococcus was the only microorganism responsible for the single infection. Infection with St...
Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6
...sing different treatment protocols such as hormonal, medicinal and homeopathic medicines....
Muhammad Ajmal Khan1, Muhammad Yahya2*, Ali Hazrat2, Javed Khan3, Saeed Jan4, Tabinda Nowsheen2 and Inam Ullah5
...rough a well established protocol 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) at various concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µL). The phytochemical analysis of methanolic leaves extract of T. camphoratum showed 2.80% alkaloids, 4.90% flavonoids and 1.80% terpenoids content. The antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract showed high effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria (MRSA) with 23 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI), whereas against Gram- n...
Mohammed A. Almujtaba1, Turky Omar Asar2, Salma Naqvi3, Vikas Kumar4, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1, Abdulbasit I. Al-Sieni1 and Firoz Anwar1*
... 28 days of experimental protocol. Group-1 served as normal control (NC), group 2 as doxorubicin control (DC), group 3 as doxorubicin+ Zamzam treatment (DZ) and group 4 as Zamzam control (ZZ). Doxorubicin (1mg/ kg bw) was injected i.p. in DC and DZ groups on first day of study. NC and DC groups were at normal bottled water p.o., while DZ and ZZ groups received Zamzam water p.o. for 28 days. At the end of protocol, the animal...
Amira Adel Taha AL-Hosary1, Walaa Mostafa2*
...most effective treatment protocol with a synergistic effect (100% recovery rate), followed by Frontline® (95%), BARS® ampules (75%), and finally, BARS® ear drops (66.67%).
Keywords | Cat, Otoacariasis, BARS®, Frontline®, Age, Season
...
Entesar Z. Eliraqy1*, Basant M. Shafik2, Yasser S. Hussein1, Abdelwahab A. Alsenosy3, Emad A. Abd allah1, Mohamed F. Saad1
... Egypt. The experimental protocol was designed as four groups (Control, G1, G2 and G3). Buffalo-bulls’ semen were exposed to different concentrations of garlic extract (0, 3, 6 and 9%, respectively) to evaluate the semen quality parameters after cooling and freezing process. Data obtained showed that, progressive motility, live spermatozoa and acrosome integrity % were higher (P < 0.05) in G1, G2 and G3 with reduced mortality percentage than control g...
Ghulam Nabi Dahiri1, Akeel Ahmed Memon2, Qudratullah Kalwar3*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Waseem Ali Vistro4, Yar Muhammad Jalbani3, Kiran Nazish3 and Jai Parkash Kolhi5
...f estrus synchronization protocols with or without biostimulation in Thari cattle. A total of forty Thari cattle maintained at semi intensive management conditions at Thari Cattle Farm Nabisir Road, Distt: Umerkot were used in the study. The selected animals were divided into four groups to observe estrus signs and artificial insemination. Animals of group B and D were treated with OvSynch (GnRH at day 0 followed by PGF2α day 7 and 2nd GnRH at day 9) for...
Muhammad Shafiq1, Tehseen Ashraf2*, Sehrish Mushtaq1, Naveeda Anjum3, Muhammad Asim4, Muhammad Aqeel Feroze3, Malik Abdul Rehman4 and Marja Aziz3
... system. In this study a protocol for chili plant regeneration was developed for callus induction, plant regeneration, and plant transformation. Because developing a viable chilli tissue culture and plant regeneration system is difficult, this study was designed to help develop one. SP was found to be the most suitable among the four genotypes used for regeneration. ...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi1 , Sameh Abdel- Moez Ahmed Amer1, Asmaa Mahmoud Matoaq1 , Mohamed Abdel Aziz Kutkat1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel-Alim2
...vaccines and vaccination protocols to reduce clinical disease and mortality is necessary. The current study evaluated the efficacy of different NDV vaccines used in poultry flocks in Egypt: live attenuated NDV vaccines (genotype II) and live recombinant herpes virus of turkey (rHVT-ND-IBD) alone or in combination with inactivated NDV vaccines either of genotypes II or VII (commercially available or autogenously prepared). Different vaccination regimes are appl...
Abhishek Pandit1, Suman Poudel2, Manish Gautam3* and Shambhu Shah4
...tively. The selection of protocol depends on the assessment of resources, including facilities, labor, experience, and budget. PGF2α induces luteal regression followed by estrus and ovulation in cows when administered during the luteal period. Progestin suppresses the activity of the ovary and inhibits the dominant follicle maturation due to the suppression of both FSH and LH. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone or an analog is administered with PGF2α t...
Sherif Abdelghany1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer2, Mohamed Ali Radwan1, Rania Agamy1
...to develop an assessment protocol to evaluate feeding practices at small dairy farms. The study was based on 56 smallholder farms that raised crossbred cows and local buffaloes in mid-lactation, with an average of 4.4 parties and an average herd size of 1.28 and 1.19 head/farm for Nile Valley and Newly Reclaimed districts, respectively. A structured questionnaire survey was designed, and field interviews were conducted to collect data and to characterize the c...
Chattida Panprom1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Wannisa Meepoo1, Soontaree Petchdee2*
...g appropriate anesthetic protocols and managing dogs with moderate to severe valvular degeneration during general soft tissue surgery. Three client-owned dogs with valve degeneration stages C or D who underwent general anesthesia for surgical treatment were included in this study. All dogs in this study were assigned to receive diazepam 0.3 mg/kg body weight, alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg body weight, and a perioperative fluid rate of 5 ml/kg/hr. An appropriate assessm...
Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar1, Farah Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3 and Muhammad Jan4
...ire need to optimize the protocols for nursery production. In order to attain success in this sector, investigation was carried out to improve the rooting ability of a widely grown olive cv. “Arbequina”. This research aimed to enhance the rooting ability of semi-hardwood cuttings through application of different separate and combined concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA), urea phosphate (UP) and paclobutrazol (PB). These chemicals were evalua...
Shakeel Ahmed Wagan1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Qudratullah Kalwar2*, Asmatullah kaka1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Hidayatulah Soomro2, Safia Kadhro3, Abdullah Sethar4 and Muhammad Jehangeer5
...f estrus synchronization protocols following ovsynch and ovsynch + CIDR in Thari cows during different breeding seasons. Total (n=80) Thari cows 1st to 4th parity were selected for this study. The experiment was conducted twice in a year i.e. in October to January, n=40 (Peak breeding season) and March to May, n=40 (Low breeding season). Animals were divided into three groups (A, B and C). In group A, 02ml I/M injection of GnRH (25µg lecirelin acetate) w...
Mustafa Erkan Özgür1*, Selim Erdogan2, Songül Aydemir3 and Hatice Yumusakbas2
...uality and fertilization protocols....
Barbosa Carla1*, Gregori Fabio2, Thomazelli Luciano1, Oliveira Amanda1, Araújo Jansen1, Ometto Tatiana1, Marcatti Roberta3, Nardi Marcelo3, Paludo Danielle4, Utecht Nathalia1 and Edison Durigon1
...ected to a RT-Nested-PCR protocol, with primers targeting RdRp region. Positive samples were confirmed using Sanger followed by Ion Torrent S5 sequencing platforms and results were submitted to phylogenetic analysis. From total of 8 confirmed samples, 3 clustered to Deltacoronavirus genus and 5 to Gammacoronavirus. Two of those samples showed partial sequences of other regions of CoVs confirming their genotyping to Gammacoronavirus genus and proximity to impor...
A. A. Galal1,2, S. F. Abou-Elwafa1,3, F. J. Kopisch-Obuch1 and C. Jung1
... conditions, an improved protocol for testing barley plants against root lesion nematode (RLN) had
been standerdized. The plants were grown in 150 cm³ instead of 20 cm³ tubes and we increased the inoculum size
from 400 to 1000 nematodes/plant in combination with a nutrient solution better adapted to the barley crop. Six
barley accessions were tested with Pratylenchus neglectus and Pratylenchus penetrans. Tests were...
Jax Vincent Gamulo, Maye Pearl Bolina, Jessica Serena Brion, Via Crishiela Nicole Dela Rosa, Roxanne Francesca Maglaya, Carl Lexter Tan, Aimee Caye Chang*
...iteria for inclusion and protocol was defined for systematic publication database searching. Final reference database consisted of eight (8) published journal articles with a total of 106 Fasciola flukes, published between years 2001 to 2021. The mortality time between tropical plant extracts and commercially available drugs posed a significant difference (P < 0.05), while ten (10) among the plant species differed in fasciolocidal activity (P < 0.05). Al...
Ghulam Jelani1, Qudratullah Kalwar1*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Abdullah Channo2, Ayyaz Ahmed1, Majid Hussain Soomro1, Hidayatullah Soomro1, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1 and Yar Muhammad Jalbani1
...ntial benefits. Hormonal protocol and synchronization improvements increase the embryo production rates via superovulation. This review details the embryo production technique, transfer of embryo from donor to recipient and the factor that are necessary for transfer of embryo from donor to recipient for production of offspring. Previously limited information existing regarding embryo transfer and its significance in farm animals therefore, in future this revie...
Magda A. Eldomiaty1,2, Manal E. Elsawaf2, Soad S. Ali3, Heba El-Sayed Mostafa4,5*
...oup. The forced swimming protocol was used to induce depression, while the rat voluntary wheel was used for voluntary exercise. After scarification, estimation of corticosterone level was conducted, and samples of adrenal gland were examined for structural changes by light and Electron microscope, and for immunohistochemical expression. Rats from group III showed statistically increased corticosterone level and increased cortical thickness compared to other gr...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel Alim2
...vaccines and vaccination protocol are not adequate against either single or mixed infection infections with IBD and/or ND.
Keywords | Broiler chickens, NDV genotype VII.1.1, IBDV, Immune-stimulants, HI-test, H/L ratio
...
Seyedmohammad Karimi1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Mohammad Barati3, Ramin Hamidi Frahani4, Mohammad Hassan Kazemi5
...red Remdesivir with same protocol. In this period, the first group received N-acetylcysteine 600 mg tablet twice daily and melatonin 6 mg tablet at bedtime. The second group received placebos with the same appearance. Liver enzymes of all patients were serially evaluated and then demographic and lab datas were extracted. Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test and independent t-test were used for analysis of data. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significan...
Muhammad Adeel Qureshi1*, Raza Ahmad2, Bilal Ahmed1, Tanzim Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Yasin3
...study was to find a best protocol for callus induction and plant regeneration of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment was carried out in complete randomized design (CRD). Leaves and internodes of potato cv. Desiree were used as explant for callus induction and plant regeneration. Two types of callus induction media (CIM) were used, i.e. CIM1 and CIM2 with concentrations of 2, 4-D 2mg/lit and 3 mg/lit respectively. Among the two different callus induct...
Shah Murad Khan1, Hamayun Khan1, Younas Muhammad1, Haq Aman Ullah1*, Muhammad Tariq Tunio2, Ali Gohar2 and Fazli Rabbani3
...t estrus synchronization protocols in Achai breed of cattle. Twelve lactating Achai cows were divided into two equal groups and subjected to Presynch Ovsynch (POP) or Modified 7-day Select Synch (MSS) protocol. In POP protocol animals were administered with PGF2-α injections on day -38, -24 and -3. GnRH-1 was given on day -10 and 0, along with timed artificial insemination after 16 h...
JAVERIA NEHAL1, ARIF MUHAMMAD KHAN1, AZHAR ABBAS KHAN*2, MUHAMMAD MUBIN3, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR4 & JAVED IQBAL5
...n-specific and expensive protocols. ELISA, Nested PCR has been used for many years in different countries. Citrus orchards in Sargodha region were surveyed and leaf samples showing typical symptoms of citrus canker were collected. Infected section of leaf was taken for isolation of bacteria. Lesions were cut into parts and streak bacteria by the help of inoculation loop grown in nutrient medium. Pure bacterial culture of Xanthomonas axonopodis were used for de...
Zubair Ali, Muhammad Sohail*, Yasir Ameen, Hamidullah, Ishtiaq Ahmed and Mehwish Malik
...earch on the efficacy of protocols that integrate ultrasonography with timed AI protocols for re-synchronzation of ovulation, differential management strategies for cows carrying twin fetuses conducted....
Najamuddin Solangi1*, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1, Adel Ahmed Abul-Soad2, Abdul Aziz Mirani1, Muhammad Aslam Solangi3 and Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1
...lains effective in vitro protocols for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in commercially important date palm cvs. Begum Jungi and Ajwa. Spikelet explants of spathes (avg. 17, 28, 32 cm) excised at different intervals were used as initial explants. Results revealed that sterilization of spathes with 50% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution resulted in significantly highest survival, lowest mortality and contamination in spikelet explants. The spik...
Ahmad Shahzaib1*, Tabish Raza2 and Aisha Areej2
...treatment and management protocols. ...
Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4
...etermined using standard protocols, with no further alterations. Soil variability mapping was done using ArcGIS ver. 10.7. through IDW interpolation. The results reveled that majority (40%) of soils were clayey in texture, followed by clay loam and silty clay loam (16% each). Slightly to moderately medium-textured soils were dominant, followed by heavy clays. Majority of soils had high to excessively high salinity (56%) followed by the soils having medium sali...
Ishtiaq Ahmed1*, Hamid Ullah2, Zubair Ali2, Muhammad Sohail2, Yasir Amin2 and Afrasyab1
..., strategic anthelmintic protocols as per regular faecal examination and awareness of farmers regarding husbandry practices may be implemented in the study area to boost the economy of the farmers....
Mohamed A. Abu El-Hamd1*, Abdelslam M. Metwally2, Zahya R. Ghallab2, Wael A. El-Hamady1 and Mohamed A. El-karamany1
.../group) for two hormonal protocols. Cows in the first and second groups high or low-fertility (G1 and G2, respectively) were treated with PGF2α-GnRH protocol. Cows in the third and forth groups high or low-fertility (G3 and G4, respectively) were treated with OvSynch protocol. Results showed effective increasing oestrus responses 90, 70, 100 and 80% in G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively...
ZAMARA MASOOD1, FAROOQ SALEEM1, SARFRAZ AHMAD2, TALHA JAMSHAID3, IMRAN WAHEED4,
MUHAMMAD AZEEM1, UMAR FAROOQ GOHAR5 & HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ARSALAN6, 7*
...v>31.8%. The established protocols were carried out with slight
modifications for phytochemical and pharmacological activities.
Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates,
glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, cumarins, steroids,
proteins, and amino acids, fixed fats and oils in all fractions. Floral
extracts were found to contain highes...
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Tariq Usman4, Bilques Bano5, Nazia Rubab6, Syed Tasadak Mehdi7, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal8, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar9, Hira Hameed10
... with a proper treatment protocol and comparison with levamisole, oxyclozanide and the combination of both drugs.
...
Amal Hammad*, Shaaban Gadallah, Tarik Misk, Ahmed Mourad
...ve each of four sedation protocols at one-week interval. Hence, 4 groups were evaluated: XH (xylazine high: 1mg/kg of xylazine intravenously); XL (xylazine low: 0.25mg/kg of xylazine intravenously); XLL (xylazine low combined with laser acupuncture: 0.25mg/kg of xylazine intravenously with laser stimulation at GV20 and Yintang) and XLV (xylazine low combined with vibrational acupuncture: 0.25mg/kg of xylazine intravenously with vibrational stimulation at GV20 ...
Kanwal Nisa1, Sadia Roshan1, Shazia Shamas1,2*, Raheela Atta Mustafa3, Shamaila Irum1, Kalsoom Sughra4 and Memoona Iqbal1
...e analyzed through ELISA protocol to check the testosterone and Prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Testosterone significantly affects the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with (P<0.05). In the cases, the mean testosterone, age, PSA was 38.45±36.66, 66.28±6.386 and 9.655±6.656, respectively while in the control group mean testosterone, age and PSA were 194.1±84.08, 59.35±6.794 and 1.295±0.809 respectively. The present s...
Eman, M. M. Soliman*; Taha, M. M.*;El-Sanousi A,;Shalaby M. S. Wasscl , Youscf Adel*
...ies (OIE) RVF evaluation protocol. The tested batches proved to be sterile and safe when inoculated subcutaneously (S/C) and intraperitoneally(I/P) into mice (3-5 days old) and lambs without showing adverse post vaccinal reactions. Duration of immunity to RVF virus in vaccinated sheep has been determined by using both serum neutralization test (SNT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on sera collected weekly up to 7 weeks post vaccination, where the...
Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3
..., PGF2α, Different protocols
...
Kenyum Lollen1, Judith Betsy C1*, Cheryl Antony2 and Stephen Sampath Kumar J3
...n ratio using 3 freezing protocols with two step cooling profile in programmable freezer. The spermatological properties of milt obtained from non-induced fishes were superior which was further used for short term preservation. When experimented with dilution ratio, the highest motility duration of 74.3±2.16 s was obtained at 1:10 dilution ratio. The best results on motility duration (62.28 ± 2.12 s), fertilizing ability (77.3±1.63 %) and ...
ZARYAB KHALID SIAL & FARAH KHAN
...om fields, therefore the protocol for PSTVd RNA isolation was optimized and improved for obtaining Pure and high quality RNA having an increased and nondegradable life from infected plants of Potatoes. The present study was aimed to confirm the presence and identification of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) on potato plants in Pakistan. RNA was extracted and purified using optimized Trizol reagent and RNeasy Miniplant Kit. The RNA obtained was converted int...
SAIMA SHARIF, SHAGUFTA NAZ, FARKHANDA MANZOOR, AYESHA NOOR & ZAHRA JAMIL
...ed according to standard protocol after taking written consents. On the basis of body mass Index (BMI) subjects were divided into three groups normal weight (n=80), overweight (n=29) and obese (n=71). Respiratory function was measured by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) with the help of wright’s peak flow meter. Demographic data was presented as mean ± S.E.M. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. The average age of normal weight, overweight a...
SHAHZADA NADEEM ABBAS1, KIRAN JAMSHED1, SARAH BUSHRA NASIR2,
SAMAN SHAHID3 & NASIR MAHMOOD4
...;g). Specific laboratory protocols of antibacterial and antifungal assays were adopted. Absorbance of the broth bacterial culture was measured after 72 hours by using photo spectrometer at the wavelength of 600 nm (A600). For antifungal assays, the volume and concentrations of extracts used were 2 μl (250μg), 4μl (500μg), 8 μl (1000 μg) and 10 μl (1250 μg). The methanolic extract of Nigella sativa (1μl, 125μg) and water extract of...
Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abd Latief Toleng1, Sahiruddin1, Masturi1, Hasrin1, Musdalifa Mansur2, Hendrikus Fatem3, Johan Koibur4
...easynch and Select Synch protocols. The study was conducted in Maiwa Breeding Centre (MBC) Farm of Hasanuddin University. A total of 18 dairy Holstein Friesian heifers were used in the present study. The heifers were then divided into two groups based on different treatments of estrous synchronization. All heifers were examined for ovarian activities prior to synchronize the estrus then subjected to either Heasynch or Select Synch prot...
Nawab Ali1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Asmatullah kaka1, Amjad Hussain Mirani2, Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar3*, Nisar Ahmed Solangi1, Kashif Ali Malik1, Fazul U Rahman1, Moin Akhtar Vistro1
...onized using the Ovsynch protocol. Group A goats were inseminated with semen extended in a TEY extender without selenium supplementation (control) and group B goats were inseminated with 02 mM selenium supplementation. After 45 days of insemination, pregnancy was confirmed utilizing a transabdominal probe and real-time B mode ultrasonography. The results showed that group B had a significantly (P<0.05) higher conception rate (50%) than group A (30%). In con...
Tanveer Jilani1*, Irfan Khan2, Asmat Salim2, Fareena Bilwani1, Bushra Moiz3 and Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal1,4
...s differentiated by this protocol can then be used to study normal and abnormal erythropoiesis....
Gokarna Gautam1*, Hari Adhikari1, Bhuminand Devkota1, Subir Singh2
...Drug Release) in Ovsynch protocol for the treatment of anestrus in buffaloes during low breeding season (April to June). Buffaloes in Group T1 (Ovsynch, n=25) received GnRH on a random day (d0), PGF2α on d7, GnRH on d9, followed by fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) at 16-20 hours after second GnRH. Buffaloes in Group T2 (CIDR-synch, n=30) were treated as in group T1 except that a CIDR containing 1.9 gm progesterone was inserted into the va...
