Fahad Tanveer1, Adnan Afzal2, Muhammad Adeel3*, Sana Shahid4 and Maham Masood5
...lts of each group showed pre-treatment pain intensity for group 1 was 7.04+1.338 that changed to 3.52+0.714 and for group 2 it was changed from 7.52+0.872 to 5.16+0.850 and 7.16+0.943 to 5.12+0.781 for group 3. The NDI score for group 1, 2 and 3 were 31.56+5.560, 25.040+7.086 and 25.560+5.477 that were changed to 13.120+2.759, 16.360+2.899 and 12.600+2.020 respectively. The one way ANOVA test compared mean of three groups and p-value for pain intensity after t...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
...V is recommended only as pre-treatment with ND vaccines as it significantly reduced morbidity and mortality as compared to the use of vaccines alone. However, further work is recommended in future on GZ-08™ for its use as post-treatment of ND as well as on other antiviral compounds of natural origin to develop a novel antiviral drug against NDV in poultry....
Syeda Madiha, Zehra Batool, Saiqa Tabassum, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Tahira Perveen and Saida Haider*
... The effects of curcumin pre-treatment were evaluated by different motor behavioral parameters (pole test, Kondziela’s inverted screen test, inclined plane test, open field test, beam walking test and footprint test). Biochemical and neurochemical alterations were also monitored. Pre-treatment with curcumin reversed the motor impairments, biochemical and neurochemical alterations which were produced by rotenone. Furthe...
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem*, Muhammad Faheem Akbar, Amjad Sultan and Saqib Ali
Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2
An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
...hree main steps that are pre-treatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation.
The pre-treatment method involves the use of different physical processes i.e., size
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i.e.,
solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot
water and AFEX (ammonium fibre explosion), biological methods involving whitero...
The pre-treatment method involves the use of different physical processes i.e., size
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i.e.,
solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot
water and AFEX (ammonium fibre explosion), biological methods involving whitero...
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Muhammad Zubair Saleem2, Shaukat Ali3,*, Khawaja Khurshid Anwar1, Muhammad Majid Bashir1, Muhammad Babar4 and Muhammad Adeeb Khan1
...tive effect of Vitamin E pre-treatment on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Study included the estimation of the activities of the enzymes such as ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and biochemical components like glucose, urea, lipids, cholesterol and protein contents both in the liver and blood while DNA and RNA contents only in liver. The administration of CCl4 resulte...
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem* and Muhammad Faheem Akbar
Muhammad Afzal1, Mahroze Fatima2, Aasma Qamar1, Muhammad Farhan1 and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3,*
...d (CA) and phytase (PHY) pre-treatment on growth, muscles proximate composition, whole body proximate composition and minerals status of Labeo rohita juveniles. Four experimental diets were prepared by supplementing citric acid (0 and 2%) and phytase (0 and 1000 FTU/kg) in 2×2 factorial arrangements. Total 180 juveniles (3.45±0.013) were distributed to 12 tanks having triplicate tank for each test diet. Weight gain of each replicate was rec...
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu*
...t day 3 exceeded that of pre-treatment. The females treated by 100µg/kg cabergoline increased the frequency of investigation towards normal females and self-grooming and resting than pre-treatment. The duration of female investigation and defense towards normal males was lower in the 50-µg/kg groups at day 7 than the untreated group. Collectively, these data indicated that cabergoline might increase the amiable a...
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Raza1*, Waqas Wakil2,3, Imtiaz Hussain4 and Misbah Iqbal Qamar1
Zhongqing Wang1, Qiuyue Wu1, Ruiling Ye1, Fazul Nabi1,4, Yangfei Shang1, Sarfaraz Ali4 and Juan Liu1,2,3*
...e appetite; however, AMP pre-treatment caused the normal state and appetite. The duodenal mucosa in IG was seriously injured; with epithelial hyperplasia and necrosis. However, the intestinal histology of duodenal mucosa was reverted by AMP pre-treatment with normal structure and morphology with protective rate of 0 %, 70 %, 66.7 %, 40 % and 33.3 %, from IG, PG, HG, MG and LG groups respectively at 6 h. As compared to CG, th...
S. Feroza1, A. G. Arijo1† and I. R. Zahid2
...n weekly basis. The pre-treatment values of FEC in all three groups found negative from day 0 to 14 after artificially inducing infection. On day 21, the FEC pretreatment values in group A, B and C were recorded as 1424.5, 1346.3 and 1806.4, respectively. The FEC post treatment values of groups B and C were significantly (P>0.05) decreased as compared to the control (group A). However, no significant difference was observed between group...
Mengxue Sun1, Yanjiao Li1,2, Zhen Gao1, Qinghua Qiu1,2*, Xianghui Zhao1,2, Lanjiao Xu1,2, Huan Liang1,2, Ke Pan, Mingren Qu and Kehui Ouyang1,2*
...b> protection of niacin: pre-treatment with 20 or 40 mM niacin increased the cell viability under pH 5.8, while 80-320 mM niacin decreased the cell viability compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Under pH 5.5, results were similar to those under pH 5.8, except for pre-treatment with 40 mM niacin with no significant effect on the cell viability. Under pH 5.2 or 5.0, pre-treatment w...
Dan Song1,2, Ming-Juan Ge3, Jie Li1,2, Yi Jiang1, Xiu-Mei Kong1, Jiao-Jiao Xu1, Xu Ji1,2, Rui-Xin Shi1 and Qin Zhao1,2*
...(in liver). Furthermore, pre-treatment with G. straminea ethanol extracts significantly increased ATP content, up-regulated the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, PK, and PFK in hypoxia mice brain. In conclusion, this research demonstrated the anti-hypoxia activity of ethanol extract of G. straminea, which may be related to increased energy metabolism. Our findings provide a basis for investigating hypoxia-related diseases and drug development....
Genlong Zhan1*, Yunhua Zheng2, Desheng Li*4 and Hongmei Zhang3
...atment compared with the pre-treatment baseline. The hemorheological indexes of the Yiqi Huoxue Tongmai decoction group were lower than those of the control group. To conclude Yiqi Huoxue Tongmai Decoction has significant clinical effect in the treatment of DPN, can effectively improve the blood rheology of patients, and has the advantages of simplicity and high safety....
