Justin P. McBrayer
...ssumptions about what happens in the afterlife to those who believe in God verses those who do not. A renewed wager can avoid this difficulty by relying solely on well-documented differences between those who believe in God verses those who do not. Social scientists have put together an impressive set of data that shows that theists do better in terms of happiness, health, longevity, interpersonal relationships, and charitable giving. Hence, most people have a...
Justin P. McBrayer
...ssumptions about what happens in the afterlife to those who believe in God verses those who do not. A renewed wager can avoid this difficulty by relying solely on well-documented differences between those who believe in God verses those who do not. Social scientists have put together an impressive set of data that shows that theists do better in terms of happiness, health, longevity, inter- personal relationships, and charitable giving. Hence, most people have...
Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah
...ry Logistic model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) with algorithm of near neighbor (NN) and interval matching. The impact of cooperative membership on small milk producers was evaluated by calculating the values of average treatment effects (ATE) on eight performance indicators. The outcomes of study disclosed that cooperative members have higher farm income, more milk production, reared improved cattle breeds, get better access to veterinarian services and...
Abida Saleem, Sajida Parveen and Muhammad Jamal Khan
...ate of 10 g kg-1. The suspension was shaken on horizontal shaker for 20 h continuously to assess the equilibrium Zn concentration (EZnC). The difference between the IZnA and EZnC was assumed to be adsorbed. Results showed that FYM, PM or BC yielded lower EZnC and higher Zn adsorption (x/m) at higher IZnA but at lower IZnA< 20 mg Zn L-1 the reverse was observed. The data in non-treated soils were fit to both Langmuir and Freundlich but in treated soils they ...
Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin
...ncy analysis. It is indispensable that policies aimed at adapting innovative farming techniques must be implemented in an efficient manner. Effectively implementation of agricultural schemes, formal education and in-formal education should be realized. During and after conducting the agricultural research, it is needed to recommend the farmers about the rate of inputs application i.e. seed, pesticide spray and NPK that are best suited to the local weather patt...
B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran
Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...choderma is grown in inexpensive media like molasses and yeast medium in deep tanks on a commercial scale. Biomass from the liquid fermentation can be made into different formulations like, dusts, granules, pellets, wettable powders. Trichoderma formulations can be applied to the seed either by dry seed treatment or by seed biopriming for control of several soil-borne diseases of some field crops. Similarly, seedlings of horticultural crops and rice are treate...
Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat
Biological control of plant diseases
...ons exist in nature and opens a new area of research in biocontrol of plant diseases. The mechanisms of action of these biocontrol agents against target pathogens are antibiosis, mycoparasitism, competition for space and nutrient, production of certain toxins and secondary metabolites, solublization and sequestration of immobilized plant nutrients, plant growth prowth promoting properties and induced resistance. Multiple interactions between bacteria-fungi-act...
A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy
Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...ed papaya fields were compensated for the yield loss to serve as field-mass-multiplication-strategy. Further, the farmers of neighbouring fields were encouraged and facilitated through thirteen field staff to take the bug infested leaves and fruits from parasite-released fields and dispersed in new fields. The effective mass-spreading of parasitoid was made thorough door-to-door contact and farmers were monitored not to take up spraying. The infested plant par...
Anjan Bhattacharyya, Suhrid Ranjan Barik & Pritam Ganguly
New pesticide molecules, formulation technology and uses: Present status and future challenges
...nd micro encapsulated suspension, hollow fibers, monolithic matrix, laminated structures etc can avoid these problems. The prime motto for these developments is to give protection to the crops along with safety to the natural enemies of different pests as a whole safety to environment.
...
Physiological Responses to Fasting and Refeeding in Apodemus chevrieri from Hengduan Mountain Region
Hai-Ji Zhang1, Di Zhang2, Dong-Min Hou1 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
... were no post-fasting compensatory increases in food intake. All of the results indicated that A. chevrieri can adjust their physiological functions to cope with food shortage, mainly by decreasing body mass, thermogenesis and serum leptin levels.
...
1Sitesh Chatterjee, 1Chirasree Gangopadhyay and 2Santosh Kumar Roy
...bed is relatively less expensive than transplanted main-field because of smaller area of nursery that can be managed better way as compared to transplanted field. In the present study, chlorantraniliprole granule was applied both in seedbed and transplanted field along with spraying of some new generation insecticides like indoxacarb, flubendiamide, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole to test their efficacy against different rice insect-pests. The study found tha...
Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*
...in beekeeping were the expensive inputs, pest attack, lack of modern production and rearing techniques, and trainings which can be overcome by a comprehensive program focusing on the provision of low cost inputs, pesticides/insecticides, modern techniques and trainings, and value chain market facilities at the local and regional level. ...
Shengyan Su, Zaijie Dong*, Wenbin Zhu, Lanmei Wang and Jianjun Fu
...i>L cross-breeding. A compensatory index matrix for 3×3 full diallel cross combinations used for selection was built to investigate compensatory like growth of each combination. Yes/No(Y/N) effect was determined for specific combination dyads, which there were significant differences in body weight at tagging, but no difference in body weight at harvesting. Among the 36 dyads, 7 had an YN response (19.4%). When the YN ...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...k and environment. To dispense with the detrimental consequences of chemicals, use of resistant cultivars can prove one of the effective and reliable alternative approaches for the management of this pest. As the information regarding resistant cultivars is lacking, therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify resistant sources from among the available commercial okra cultivars. Okra cultivars showed significant variations from comparative sus...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Munir3 and Muhammad Sohail Khan1
... characters but at the expense of decreased fruit set and yield and increased percent fruit drop. ...
Tahira Kamal1*, Saeed-Ul-Hassan Khan2, Amir Bin Zahoor3, Khalid Naeem3, Muhammad Naeem Riaz1, Siddra Tayyab Akhtar4, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1*
...n of FMD but these are expensive and time consuming. Elisa, cell culture, Reverse Transcriptase (RT-PCR) and real time PCR need specific high quality equipments in lab. Whereas Lamp PCR is simple and accurate test for the rapid diagnosis of FMD. This study has been done initially with FMD known serotypes (O, A, Asia1) already in use at animal health.Viral RNAs were extracted using R Neasy Minikit (Qiagen) according to instruction manual. After extraction RNAs ...
David P. Hunt
...ght years. It also opens with a substantial overview, itself worth the price of admission, written specially for the book.
...
Wang Jian1, Abdur Rehman2*, Noor Khan3, Wang Zhengjia4, Ji Peng-fei5, Xie Cong6, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan Babar7 and Raheel Saqib8
...alysis, MPC (marginal propensity to consume) and APC (Average propensity to consume) clearly shows that in the study area with the rise of rural households income, their consumption demand also increases. The relative co relational analysis shows, that the food consumption ranks first, household consumption has second, clothing consumption third, family equipment consumption fourth have highest close relation with the per ca...
Jaime Molina-Ochoa1, 2, 6,*, Edelmira Galindo-Velasco2, Ana María Rosales-Gutiérrez2, Martín González-Ramírez3, Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez3, Wilberth Chan-Cupul3, Steven R. Skoda4, Muhammad Irfan Ullah5, Luis Jorge García-Márquez2 and John E. Foster6
...erile distilled water dispensed on the surface of a couple of moistened filter papers. For each treatment concentration, 10 adult engorged ticks were placed in the Petri dishes, and each treatment was replicated four times; the experiment was replicated two times. Tick mortality was recorded daily for 9 days. Our EPNs were able to parasitize engorged ticks, and tick mortality ranged between 70-100% after 9-d post-exposure. The faster and higher tick mortality ...
Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*
ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
... using available and inexpensive equipment to produce the healthy surplus of this predator for experiment and small holding field releases, S. cereallela is recommended as more efficient and economic host as compared to P. solenopsis....
Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*
EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...a bipinnata, Sorghum halepense and Chrysopogon aucheri with tree leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their chemical composition. Samples were analyzed for proximate parameters (crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), total ash and ether extract (EE)). The results revealed that there were significant differences in dry matter (DM) among different grasses. DM content of low palatable grasses w...
Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****
NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
...or diversification to compensate production risks. The existing extension network can be strengthened through its institutional linkage with metrology department and information communication technologies to further inform and train the farmers about disasters and disaster associated risks....
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
... some of them might be expensive, time intensive and their effectiveness in different regions of the world are still debatable. Moreover, data recorded from inappropriate designed surveys are not suitable for statistical analysis and provide inappropriate picture regarding distribution, abundance and status of target species. Current review inspects different sampling techniques, various issues related to surveys design, application and ethical issues connecte...
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...ana and Duranta repens were highly susceptible to M. incognita infection according to a well established 0-4 galling scale. The highest galling index and reproductivity of nematodes, i.e., total number of egg masses, juveniles and females, were observed in highly susceptible plants. The values of canopy length, dry root weight, fresh root weight, root length, dry shoot weight and shoot height was variable for all plants and the m...
Nasreen Ishaq1, Arif Rasheed Malik2, Zameer Ahmad1, Saad Ehsan Ullah3
..., these techniques are expensive and not readily available necessitating additional techniques for identification. One of such novel approach is cheiloscopy i.e. study of lip print patterns.
Methodology: In order to investigate the lip prints-based identification, a study was conducted in the Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College, Lahore. A total of 125 female and 125 male student subjects were selected from all years of M...
Rizwana Qamar1, Maria Ghias1, Fida Hussain1, Sajida Habib1, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq2*, Muhammad Aslam1 and Imran Habib3
...re the effective and inexpensive approach by plant breeders to manage with drought. A wire house experiment was conducted in Oilseeds Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Faisalabad for the screening of genotypes against drought. Ten hybrids along with their 13 parental inbred lines were grown in polythene bags following factorial structured completely randomized design by three replications against three levels of water stress. Data was recorded on ...
Fouzia Hadi Ali1, Farhat Naz2, Aban Abid Qazi3
...r context are far more expensive for both doctors and hospitals, the predictors of WP among the healthcare practitioners appear to have contextual nuances. One of the significant factors and increasing vulnerabilities of the healthcare sector is work-life balance (WLB). However, it is futile to study WLB in isolation, the literature suggests that positive psychological capital (PPC) triggers WLB. Moreover, WLB also assists in enhancing vitality at work that in...
Fazal Munsif1, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Arif2, Kawsar Ali3 and Ijaz Ahmad1
...delay planting can be compensated by increasing the cropping intensity on same field. A field experiment was carried out during the year 2015-16 at Palatoo Research Farm of Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was consisted of traditional cultivation of sugarcane both in winter season (20th September, 10th October, 30th October and 20th November) and spring season (20th February, 10th March and 30th March). R...
Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1
...ubsidy and supplying inexpensive feed gas for fertilizer industry. Currently, cash subsidy on urea is costing Rs. 12 billion to national exchequer and total tax relief (all products inclusive) costing around Rs. 40 billion to the national exchequer, respectively. Thus, total financial implication of subsidy and tax relief is Rs. 52 billion. In the existing tax regime tax rates vary greatly from 3.55% (SSP) to 11.73% (NPK). Due to these distortions farmers pref...
Ali Muhammad*, Yasser Durrani, Majid Suhail Hashmi, Ihsan Mabood Qazi, Muhammad Ayub and Saifullah
...operties, which are indispensable for the functional and nutritional properties of foods. The aim of the study was to neutralize whey by addition of NaOH (0.1 and 0.01N) and NaHCO3 (0.1 and 0.01N) for fortification and enrichment of foods. However, addition of these solutions results in an increase in total solids and ash content of the whey sample The samples were normal whey (not treated), neutralized whey (neutralized with NaOH) and neutralized whey (neutra...
Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3
...le are reluctant to do expenses on chemical control of weeds in wheat. Similarly, due to lack of awareness, they use wheat weeds as animal fodder and the hand weeding affects crop stand and its tillering which ultimately reduces the wheat yield of the pothwar region. So, chemical control of weeds was hypothesized to be the best solution for winter weeds of rainfed wheat’s weeds and for this purpose, a field study was carried out from October, 2010 to Apr...
Sumera Siddique1,†, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Muhammad Irfan1
Screening of some agri-wastes for economical cultivation of Candida tropicalis SS1
...culated with 1% (w/v) suspension of 24 h old yeast cultured in nutrient broth. The strain grew best in water melon (WM) at pH 7.0 and 37 °C under non agitation conditions. The proximate analysis revealed that the water melon peels showed the highest amount of crude protein (which was measured by micro Kjeldahl digestion system) followed by bagasse, mango, and apple peels with respective values of as 13.38%, 3.20%, 2.69% and 2.58%. Best growth of C. tropica...
Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*
Induction of acute phase in response to tacrolimus induced hepatotoxicity
...(tacrolimus). Aqueous suspension of tacrolimus powder (3 mg/ml) was orally given to four experimental groups of wistar rats. Control group was provided with normal drinking water and dissections were done after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of tacrolimus dose. Densitometric analysis revealed considerable elevated level of some positive acute phase proteins, specifically C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. While albumin and transferrin levels were found to ...
Khurram Shahzad1*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Farhat Jabeen2, Nasreen Kosour3, Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1, Munir Ahmad1
Bioaccumulation of manufactured titanium dioxide
...
nanoparticles suspensions T0 (no dose administration), T1 (0.5 mg/L), T2 (1.0
mg/L) and T3 (1.5 mg/L) for 14 days. After 14 days, animals were slaughtered and
organs (gills, liver and muscles) were freeze dried. Freeze dried tissue samples
were digested with the help of nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4). Acid
digested samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) fora...
nanoparticles suspensions T0 (no dose administration), T1 (0.5 mg/L), T2 (1.0
mg/L) and T3 (1.5 mg/L) for 14 days. After 14 days, animals were slaughtered and
organs (gills, liver and muscles) were freeze dried. Freeze dried tissue samples
were digested with the help of nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4). Acid
digested samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) fora...
Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...m detachment by
expensive commercial detergents, we could change the physical environment of
sewage systems as well as flooding some specific chemicals, which disrupt
bacterial motilities and biofilm formation....
expensive commercial detergents, we could change the physical environment of
sewage systems as well as flooding some specific chemicals, which disrupt
bacterial motilities and biofilm formation....
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2
...nistered mifepristone suspension via oral gavage, followed by pharmaceutical intervention. Then, the serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were detected by ELISA, FSHβ and LHβ expression levels in the pituitary were determined by qPCR, and GnRHR expression levels were assessed by qPCR and western blot analysis. Simultaneously, transcription factors, such as c-Jun, Elk-1, Egr-1, Nur77, CREB, and transduction mole...
Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan
...nd awareness programs; Expensive Agriculture Inputs; Tenancy and Land rent problems; Farm to market roads and small plots hurdles in production of rice etc in the study area. On the basis of problems and constraints, policy recommendation for control measures are given as:- Credit should be provided without interest rate in time according to requirement to farmers by bank; Agriculture extension programs should be launched for transfer of knowledge and for awar...
Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Urooba Pervaiz And Mehmood Iqbal
...ed that poverty (49%), expensive inputs (21%) and illiteracy (16%) were the main adoption constraints faced by farmers. Majority (86%) extension agents reported that the extension services are farmer friendly. The most appropriate teaching methods were group meetings (38%) and method demonstration (24%), while the most frequently used method for farmers contact was individual contact method (63%) as identified by extension agents. Non- significant association ...
Tahira Moeen Khan* and Amat ul Mateen
...n place of harmful and expensive chemical/physical methods. A cheaper, simple to perform method giving high yield without by products is employed here. The leaf extract act both as reducing and capping agent. The atomic absorption shows a linear curve between concentration and absorbance. The uv-vis spectrum revealed the shift of absorption towards longer wavelength with the increasing concentration of plant extract. XRD indicates CuO Nps particle size is in b...
Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah
...d for analysis. The uncompensated own price elasticity for milk, fruits, and baked products is greater than unity which suggests that these food groups are highly responsive to their own price change. Prices of these food products should be kept constant. Imposition of any sale tax could create a huge loss in consumption for these commodities. Milk, meat, fruits, other cereals, tea and coffee and baked products were treated as luxuries by the households based ...
Amer Mumtaz2*, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Masooma Munir2, Aqsa Qayyum2, Sahar Shibli2 and Muhammad Khalid Ibrahim3
...ood industries being inexpensive and green technology. The technology has wide range of application in food industry. Ultra-sonication, thermo sonication, man osonication and man othermosonication are used in food industries for various objectives. Sound waves produce acoustic effect and when bubble produced bursts it results in mechanical energy responsible for inactivation of the pathogenic organisms present in food by poration and DNA fragmentation. Ultraso...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
...nuus, Trifolium repens, Heteropappus hispidus, Potentilla chinensis, Hibiscus trionum), or leaves of grasses (Poa annua, Echinochloa crusgalli), or maize leaves (Songyu 419, a hybrid variety) as food sources to feed the adult of A. fuscicollis. The larvae were reared on roots of the same grasses and germinated maize seedlings. Additionally, potato tuber the common food used to grew the beetles that...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Ejaz Ahraf3, Zahoor Hussain4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1 and Maryam Riaz1
...ely simple, easy and inexpensive to calculate the leaf area damage caused by CLM larvae. ...
Yacheng Hu1,2, Xueqing Liu1,2, Jing Yang1,2, Kan Xiao1,2, Binzhong Wang1,2 and Hejun Du1,2,*
... Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). The 17 microsatellites were polymorphic with 3 to 6 alleles per locus and the total number of alleles is 80. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE, 0.506 to 0.781), observed heterozygosity (HO, 0.542 to 1), Hardy-Weinberg departure value (d, -0.042 to 0.427), polymorphic information content (PIC, 0.482 to 0.753) and the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H’<...
Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2*, Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Olayinka Olaitan Titilola3 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
...inoculated with stool suspension from children (<15 years) in Nigeria with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). All CCS were screened for Enteric Adenoviruses (EAVs) and group A Rotavirus (GARV) using a rapid immunochromatographic test kit. Subsequently, they were passaged in HEp-2 cell line. All isolates were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, three (5l-UTR, VP1 and EV Species C [EV-C]) different PCR assays and sequencing of amplicons. EVs were further...
Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Ogunsakin Temitope Rachael1, Ogunrombi Sefiu Babatunde1, Ojeamiren Iduda1, Olawole Alaba Samuel1, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2* and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
...tubes in which faecal suspension from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases were cultured. Samples analyzed were collected in 2017 as part of the AFP surveillance program in Nigeria and declared negative for enteroviruses because they did not produce CPE in RD and L20B cell lines. In all, 120 cell culture supernatants (60 each on RD and L20B cell lines) that emanated from 30 stool suspensions (2 samples per case) were analyzed...
Aftab Shaukat1,2,*, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Rizwan Shukat4, Shahid Ali Rajput5,
Shadab Shaukat6, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem2,5,8, Mubashar Hassan2,5, Tabassam Fatima2,5,
Fayyaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Usman Saleem7, Fatima Arooj1, Ashar Mehfooz2 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi2
...e rest time in different pens with separate feeding during the whole experimental period. Ad libitum supply of fresh clean drinking water was made available round the clock. Exposed does were mated naturally and bucks were inducted to the exposed does for 30 minutes at morning and evening daily for teasing purpose to identify does in estrus, while separate them for breeding with enlisted buck. Mean values of Fertility rate and kidding rate in T1
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan2*, Ayesha Iqbal2, Amtur Rafeh2, Muhammad Tahir Waseem2 and Muhammad Ameen2
...lands expanding at the expense of forests and woodlands and the climate gradually becoming less warm and humid. The current enamel hypoplasia results indicate that warm and humid dense forests were the preferred habitats for extinct tragulids present during the middle Miocene in the Siwaliks.
...
Nazir Ahmad Khan1,*, Mudassir Alam1, Rafiullah khan1, Kamran Khan2 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3
...sion level and cost of expensive protein ingredients. This study quantified the chemical composition and amino acid profile of grains from newly developed QPM hybrids and evaluated the effect of replacing conventional maize (CM) with QPM in broiler feed on bird’s performance, diet digestibility, nitrogen retention, meat amino acids profile and farm profitability. Grains of QPM200 and QPM300 hybrids, approved by Pakistan maize variety evaluation committee...
Ibrahim Tapki1*, Huseyin Bahadir Ozalpaydin2, Nuran Tapki3, Mehmet Aslan4 and Muhammet Hanifi Selvi1
... were kept in individual pens during experimental period. Calves got weaned following the consumption of daily 900 g of concentrate feed over three consecutive days. Results demonstrated that OreganoLow calves marked improved growth performance, earlier weaning age and lower farm costs (P < 0.05) compared to Control and OreganoHigh calves. To conclude, dietary oregano essential oil seems to be a potential liquid feed additive that improves feed efficiency, ...
Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1*
...tamin D can serve as inexpensive therapeutic agent in prophylaxis as well as treatment of several infections. This review summarizes current knowledge on complex immune-modulatory role of vitamin D at cellular level as well as different mechanisms through which vitamin D exert protective role against different viral, bacterial, parasitic infections and non-infectious disorders. ...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
...ers. The natural, less expensive methods for improving the milk quality are the most studied by farmers and researches. Clinoptilolite, natural zeolite added to dairy cows diets, has been proven to be an efficient and economic solution. Starting from the fact that natural zeolites are recognized as having beneficial effects on the animal organism, being detoxifiers, immunomodulators, regulators of the internal pH, we studied the effect of using volcanic stuff ...
Erum Yawar Iqbal1*, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1, Shahnaz Dawar2 and Shahina Fayyaz1
...upernatant, bacterial suspension and methanol extract suggesting that EPB has the potential to release its metabolites with insecticidal mode of actions in the surrounding culture media. New species proficiency was evaluated in comparison with other indigenous isolates and resulted in most efficient at 30ºC after 24h and proved to have good effectiveness as biological control agent and can be easily used instead of live bacteria in future formulations.
Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan1, Abdullah Khatri1 and Nighat Seema Soomro2
...of the plants as an indispensable tool for crop improvement. This field study was initiated to evaluate three potential mutant lines of lentil against their parent (M-85) and two check varieties (NIA-Masoor-05 and NIA-Masoor-16). The pooled data of the crop, after two years of evaluation, indicated the earliest maturity in the mutant AEL-40/30 (92.0 days). Plant height was observed to be low in all the studied mutant lines (AEL-40/30, AEL-13/30 and AEL-12/30) ...
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...cera, Sorghum halepense and Capparis deciduas. This vegetation supported the year-round population of rodents in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem by providing shelter, cover, and food. The data suggest that further research is needed to test various ecologically-based rodent management strategies e.g. management of non-crop habitats, cleaning of crop cache in post harvested fields, management of wild natural vegetation providing food and cover duri...
Guoan Yin1,2, Lei Wang1, Xiaoyu Zhao1, LangchaoYu1, Liwei Guan1 and
Dapeng Huang1,2*
...s or free pens during pregnancy and lactation. Total 12 gilts were reared in three types of environments randomly during pregnancy and lactation, including gestation pens and farrowing crates (PC), gestation pens and farrowing pens (PP), or gestation rates and farrowing crates (CC). Postures of sows were recor...
Using Smartphone Application to Estimate the Defoliation Caused by Insect Herbivory in Various Crops
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
... damage are relatively expensive and are mainly dependent on complex and state of art devices and instruments. Instead, smartphone application may be a good source to measure the foliar damage. In this study, foliar damage of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on sunflower and soybean crops was measured using BioLeaf android application. The infected leaves due to citrus canker were also tested using BioLeaf for foliar analysis. Our results demons...
Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan
...s for cooking was less expensive as compared to other alternative energy sources such as firewood, electricity and animal dung cakes. The study also concluded that family size has negative relationship with the use electricity and firewood while income of farm households and education level of household head has positive relationship with the use of electricity, natural gas and firewood for cooking purpose in the study area. The study recommended that the gove...
Muhammad1*, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah1
...ely education, monthly expenses, and agriculture farm size positively affect farmers’ WTP for organic fertilizer. Conversely, households’ size and land tenure of the farmer has a negative influence on farmers’ WTP. An Integrated Resource Recovery Centre (IRRC) is needed for green waste management to change the current paradigm by transforming the waste into a valuable resource. The application of WTP can be an effective tool for urban planner...
Alicja Kowalczyk1, Marian Kuczaj2, Anna Szul3 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska4*
...e housed individually in pens. From each bull, two ejaculates were collected using an artificial vagina. Semen samples that showed more than 60% motility and 60% viability were selected for this experiment. To the four diluted samples were added 0µg/mL successively; 2µg/mL; 4µg/mL and 8µg/mL buserelin acetate (Buserelin® aniMedica, Poland). After equilibration, the straws were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour using a computer contro...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
... Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in 2016. We isolated the pathogenic bacteria (HNM-1) from the infected A. sinensis and identified its identity by conventional physiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. Virulence and pathogenesis of the disease were determined by intraperitoneal injection of the etiological agent to the healthy A. sinensis. Physiological and 16s rRNA molecular analysis identified Streptococcus iniae...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
...se of predators may be expensive for the management of thrips on Bt cotton.
...
Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo2, Javeed Shabir Daar3 and Shahjahan Rajput1
...raps are extremely not expensive and simple they can be posted by any unqualified labor. ...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1 and Onyemocho Audu2
...t of easy to use and inexpensive molecular methods for accurate diagnosis. The sub-Saharan Africa HCV genotypes distribution are diverse, but genotype I is the most common. This review highlights the need for more robust surveillance studies with introduction of opt-in testing at all clinics for better epidemiology the HCV disease burden more accurately. ...
K. Osei1† , A. I. Adama1 , E. C. Tagoe2 and J. Sackey-Asante1
Biochar effect on nematodes and insects population density, soil improvement and yield of okra
...emical fertilizers are expensive and when applied continuously, degrade agricultural lands (Savci, 2012; Bhattacharyya et al., 2015). Biotic factors such as plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) and foliar insects have been implicated as major constraints to okra production (Asare-Bediako et al., 2014b). The attack of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) has been reported as the most serious, widespread and alarming which causes tremendous yield losses (Hussain et...
Muhammad Ismail1, Shahid Maqsood1*, Abdul Shakoor2, Feroz Shah2
DESIGN AND COST ANALYSIS OF MOLD MAKING FACILTY AT GHANI GLASS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY
...reduce their costs and expenses to maintain a sustainable
position in the global marketplace. Selecting the right manufacturing strategy and planning is a critical decision
for production managers in the industry. The layout problems generally exist in the manufacturing industries. In the
industries the layout problems deals with the facilities like departments, machines etc. As a case study, this paper
presents a machine shop produ...
position in the global marketplace. Selecting the right manufacturing strategy and planning is a critical decision
for production managers in the industry. The layout problems generally exist in the manufacturing industries. In the
industries the layout problems deals with the facilities like departments, machines etc. As a case study, this paper
presents a machine shop produ...
Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1
DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
... the most versatile, inexpensive
and easy to operate, however, due to their fixed displacement, single frequency and sinusoidal behavior, usage of
these shakers is limited. The less known electro-hydraulic shakers are more robust, but due to their high forces and
high velocities, these are usually utilized to characterize heavy samples. Electromagnetic shakers are the most reliable
and accurate and are increasingly used for accelero...
and easy to operate, however, due to their fixed displacement, single frequency and sinusoidal behavior, usage of
these shakers is limited. The less known electro-hydraulic shakers are more robust, but due to their high forces and
high velocities, these are usually utilized to characterize heavy samples. Electromagnetic shakers are the most reliable
and accurate and are increasingly used for accelero...
Muhammad Masood Tahir1, Ayyaz Hussain2, Saeed Badshah3, Qaisar Javaid2
RULE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BEARING FAULTS USING CENTRAL TENDENCY OF TIME DOMAIN FEATURES
...
requirement of expensive training of conventional classifier. A test rig is used to acquire vibration data from bearings
having localized faults, and various TDFs are extracted. It is worth mentioning that fluctuations in random vibration
signals may alter the feature values. Therefore, each of the TDFs is processed statistically to approximate its reliable
central values (CVs) against the respective faults. In this way, every feat...
requirement of expensive training of conventional classifier. A test rig is used to acquire vibration data from bearings
having localized faults, and various TDFs are extracted. It is worth mentioning that fluctuations in random vibration
signals may alter the feature values. Therefore, each of the TDFs is processed statistically to approximate its reliable
central values (CVs) against the respective faults. In this way, every feat...
Muhammad Amir*1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Michael J. Pont2
FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
...e/fault-manageable but expensive protocols such as the Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP)
and FlexRay. Looking at the cost-effective nature of CAN and its widespread use, we started working on making
such SC architectures more flexible and fault-manageable on embedded level as demonstrated by our previous work
“Improving flexibility and fault-management in CAN-based “Shared-Clock” architectures”, published...
Farid Ullah Khan*
MINIATURE VIBRATION SHAKER FOR MEMS-SCALE VIBRATION-BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS APPLICATION
...Modal analysis of the suspension system performed in COMSOL Multiphysics®, indicates that in the first mode of the vibration the shaker’s table is perfectly moving up and down. The developed vibration shaker is characterized for sinusoidal electrical input signal. At different gain levels of the power amplifier, the shaker is subjected to a frequency sweep from 1 Hz to 1 kHz. At resonant frequency of 60 Hz, acceleration amplitudes of 5, 10, 18, 20 g ...
Gul Rukh*, Iftikhar Khan* M. Naeem Arbab*, Uzma Nawaz*
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFICIENT MICRO-HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME FOR LOW HEADS
...d equations, trash rack, penstock and turbine is designed thus keeping the power losses as low as 4%. Hence finally an electrical power of 25kW is produced, suitable to run a farm in villages where electricity supply is not available and where cost of transmission and distribution is high. The location where it has been installed and tested is village Kandar, Tehsil Mathra, Peshawar. The present project is compared with the existing and is much cost-effective ...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*, Faisal Shabbir*, Jawad Hussain*
DETERIORATION OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT AND FLY-ASH BASED GEO-POLYMER CONCRETES DUE TO SULFATE ATTACK UNDER THE ACTION OF SULFURIC ACID AND WASTEWATER
...erally, deterioration happens due to sulfuric acid reaction with treatment units and sewer materials. Geo-polymer binders especially fly ash (FA) is an acid resistant and can be used as a substitute binder for sewer construction. This research work highlights the laboratory results of fly ash based geo-polymer concrete and effects on its durability under sulfuric acid exposure. Class ‘F’ fly ash was used in the preparation of sa...
Sajad Ali1*, Jangraiz Khan2, Arshadullah Jadoon3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Abid Khan1
Evaluation of Farmers Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Tomato Output in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
..., it is becoming an indispensable source of farmer’s income in Pakistan. The production of tomato has been decreased considerably during the last five years. The present study has been conducted to explore the farmer’s socio-economic characteristics, affecting the tomato production in district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage-sampling technique and interview method were adopted for data collection. A sample of 160 tomato (Khari...
Abroon Jamal Qazi*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Khizar Azam*
A NOVEL APPLICATION OF PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE IN SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM CONTROL
...arter car semi-active suspension system. Semi-active suspension system proves to be a better choice in comparison with the passive and active systems keeping in view the inherent benefits of better performance, light weight and cost effective design. The semi-active system is driven by a fuzzy logic controller that is based on the feedback of relative displacement of the suspensi...
Faheem Ali1, Muhammad Amir1, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1
AN SVC BASED POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR CONSUMERS CONNECTED TO WEAK BUSSES IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
... of a Static VAR Compensator (SVC). An SVC based Power Quality Improvement (PQI) is proposed in this paper which addresses the real time varying reactive VAR requirement with reduced harmonic content.
...
Olga Mikhailovna Blinnikova1*, Vadim Anatolyevich Babushkin1, Lyudmila Gennadievna Eliseeva2 and Galina Severyanovna Usova3
Modeling a Formulation and Assessment of the Consumer Properties of the Special Purpose Starch Drink
... the enriched foodstuff opens unlimited opportunities of production of the goods for functional, medical preventive and medical purposes, capable to fill the shortage of collagen and to stimulate the human body to produce its own protein. Drinking kissel is a perspective product type for enrichment the CCR (Central Chernosem Region’s) fruit and berry’s by collagen and natural physiologically active agents. At the same time the new types of drinking...
Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1
Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...sed as fuel, Trifolium repens antirheumatic tonic and ointment, Trigonella emodi flowers and leaves are dried and powdered. One spoon of powder is taken twice a day for one week to cure jaundice, Vicia faba can be eaten before it is fully ripened in the same way as broad beans, fully ripened seed requires overnight soaking to soften it before cooking. All the species of the selected family are reported for the first time and studied for medicinal purposes....
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Aqib Riaz4, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi2, Bushra Zulfiqar2, Waqas Naseem2, Humara Umar3, Ahmad Hussain1 and Mazher Iqbal3
...ium, C. dactylon, S. halepense, B.decufeedipedia.org. and P. hysterophorous) in multi-cut sorghum sudan grass hybrid (S.S. Hybrid). Four herbicides namely Clodinafop-propargayl (Clodinafop) @ 0. 25 and 0.375 kg ha-1, Paraquat and Glyphosate @ 1.5 and 2 L ha-1 and Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Puma super) @ 1.0 and 1.5 L ha-1 were applied on Pak Sudac variety of S. S. Hybrid and compared their control on weedy grasses with a weedy check (no weedicide application) during ...
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3
Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...95 kobo covered taxes, expenses, profits, and depreciation. Factors statistically and significantly influencing market efficiency of soyabeans were: gender (P<0.05), marital status (P < 0.01), household size (P < 0.01), level of education (P<0.01), and contact with extension agent (P <0.05). Problems or constraints facing marketers of soyabeans were: sales price instability, high cost of transportation, storage problems, lack of credit facilitie...
Muhammad Imran1,2*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Amer Rasul3
Brown Leaf Spot: An Exacerbated Embryonic Disease of Rice: A Review
...he pathogen damage is compensating by a specific nutrient that reduces the disease through tolerance. Good management practices are those which include all possible combinations of cultural, biological, chemical, induce resistance, nutrient management, natural byproducts, and resistant cultivars. The best control of this disease in current climate scenario is the use of the integrated different management approaches to cope the emerging threat of this disease ...
Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1
Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
...cially. Honey bee can dispense 80% in insect pollination and considered as a best pollinator towards crop pollination, Bumblebee are more efficient and competent pollinator due to their buzzing behavior, efficiency to forage at low temperature, vibration to burst the pollen sac, high speed to flower visitation at low temperature and solitary colony structure. In northern areas of Pakistan bumblebees are natural pollinators. The various products of honey bee es...
Saeed Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman1,3*, Tanveer-ul-Haq2, Mahmood Alam Khan4 and Arshad Mahmood5
Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan
.... To reduce the import expenses and meet country’s demand, there is a need to increase area under oilseed crops without disturbing the cropping systems. Climate variability is another emerging threat for current production and cropping systems especially in south regions of Pakistan having high arid climatic conditions. A study was conducted in South Punjab (30°1575 N, 71°5249 E) to evaluate the performance of sunflower production systems (nurser...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
...A extracting was an indispensable process to employ this method. In eDNA extracting of macro-organisms, DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit was commonly used, but its price was about 80 RMB/sample, which was too expensive. Cheaper eDNA extraction kit was a potential aspect for improvement to expand further application of eDNA analysis. In order to examine some cheaper kits’ effectiveness of extracting eDNA of macro-organisms a...
Ye Ge1,2,3, Qiucheng Yao1, Hongliang Chai3, Yuping Hua3* and Guohua Deng2*
...ry species, play an indispensable role in the spread and reassortment of AIVs and provide unknown opportunities for mutation and emergence of novel influenza viruses. Additional studies of AIVs originating from wild birds will help to determine viral adaptation and maintenance in alternative hosts.
... 
