El-Sayed M. Abdelwhab, Jutta Veits and Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Avian Influenza H5N1 in Egypt: What we Know and What we have to Know?
...oint mutations in the HA immunogenic epitopes resulting in antigenic drift and the establishment of infections in vaccinated poultry. The Egyptian H5N1 viruses remain susceptible to oseltamivir, but genetic markers indicating resistance to amantadine have increased dramatically. In this mini-review, we discuss recent findings on the H5N1 viruses endemic in poultry and humans in Egypt, and suggest possible options to control the infection....
Ye Liu2, Yulong Cong2, Yiming Shao1*
...nsidered as an important immunogen for HIV vaccine candidates for a long time. However, HIV Tat also plays immunoregulation roles in improving immune responses of vaccines. Herein, we review recent developments of HIV Tat as immunoregulator using for optimizing the efficacy of vaccines. By highlighting preclinical/clinical applications of Tat and its working mechanisms, this review exhibits the superior potential of Tat as immunoregulator on optimizing immune ...
Kang-Seuk Choi
... The VLPs show intrinsic immunogenicity and a high safety profile. Thus, VLPs are considered one of the most promising approaches to vaccine development and are an alternative to inactivated IBD vaccines. In addition, VLP technology has many applications. This paper reviews the potential of VLPs as an alternative to IBD vaccines, along with their specific applications in the field....
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Khanum Zahra2, Arooj Zaheer2, Khizar Samiullah3
...ing ability and very low immunogenicity. In this review structure and types of silk producing gland, spinning process, chemistry of spider silk fiber, mechanical properties and applications of silk in health, military industry and many other fields is discussed. Its antifungal and antimicrobial potentials are also explored. Researchers are trying to introduce advanced methods to manufacture spider silk artificially to enhance silk production. Silk fiber can be...
Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2,Javed Iqbal Wattoo2, Mohd Mokhtar Arshad1 and Maizan Mohamed1
...m the culture media. The immunogenicity of the protein was studied in an animal experiment on mice, in which mice were injected subcutaneously. These findings suggest that the truncated Sf200 expressed in the pET-32a (+) prokaryotic vector can be used as antigen to detect antibodies against IBV.
...
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Ikramul Haq1,*, Imdad Ullah Khan3, Naimat Ullah4, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Kashif Hussain1 and Azmat Ullah Khan2
... Institute Peshawar. The immunogenicity of toxoid vaccines and bacterin toxoid vaccine were studied and compared initially in rabbits and then in goats and sheep. Experimental trials were conducted on 54 healthy animals of each species and were divided into three equal groups (n=18). The antibody titers were evaluated with indirect haemagglutination test. The results indicated significantly higher (P< 0.05) immune titer in animal group vaccinated with toxoi...
Fangxiao Dong1,2, Xuan Luo1,2, Delu Yuan1,2, Aixin Liang1,2* and Liguo Yang1,2*
...eptide obtained stronger immunogenicity, and better potentials of promoting growth and lactation, indicating that tPA is an effective signal peptide for enhancing the immune efficacy and performance of somatostatin DNA vaccine.
...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1,*, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Ikramul Haq4, Kashif Prince1, Asad Ullah5, Muhammad Shoaib2, Shahid Zaman6, Amjad Islam Aqib7, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4,Imad Khan5, Naimat Ullah4 and Muhammad Shahid8
...goats to sort out better immunogenic approach. This study was conducted on total of 36 healthy animal of equal number of rabbits and goats. Each species was divided randomly into three equal (n=6) groups. Group A was supplemented vitamin E and group B was without vitamin E supplementation in both species. Animals of both groups were vaccinated with enterotoxaemia vaccine. Group C was kept as negative control in both rabbits and goats. The immune titer against ...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Palwasha Jabeen, Chand Raza, Shaukat Ali
... of sericin, silk is non-immunogenic and non-allergic. It is a renowned biomaterial due to its biocompatible nature. Silk proteins have been found to possess antibacterial properties and application in culturing tissues including skin, bone, cartilage and nerves. Sericin has been hailed to have antitumor activity and has also been widely used in different cosmetics. The major hindrance in using spider silk for different purposes is due to its small obtainable ...
Anand Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, Aparna Madhavan, Durga Goswami, Golmei Poulinlu and Gnanavel Venkatesan*
...re reported as potential immunogenic candidate genes. Selection and use of such candidate immunogenic proteins from an array of genes located at different structures of a mature virion are the real challenge and time consuming task for researchers. Nevertheless, identification of candidate gene(s) using advanced bioinformatic tools will ease the process and can select the suitable protein(s) to use in the development of spec...
Housh Muhammad Solangi1, Javaid Ali Gadahi1*, Mansoor Tariq2, Bachal Bhutto1, Zubair Ahmed Laghari1, Jamila Soomro3, Taufeeq Ahhmed Khosa1 and Abdullah G Arijo1
...conducted to explore the immunogenic properties of H. contortus crude proteins (HcCP). Protein profile of HcCP was checked by SDS PAGE and immunogenic proteins were recognized by the antisera produced by using the HcCP as antigen. Infective stage of the H. contortus (L3) was used for the challenge infection. Protein band pattern ranging from 10 to 170 kDa was observed and protein bands at 10-20 kDa, 24, 26 and ...
Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1 and Shahneela Nusrat1
Ali Zaman1, Nabila Roohi1 and Muhammad Irfan2*
...role of bacteria and its immunogens on the demonstration of clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry in Nili Ravi buffaloes under subtropics is lacking. This study was designed to fulfill this gap by analyzing the effects of exposure to the bacterial culture of Pasturella multocida (P. multocida) type B:2 and its immunogens, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane protein (OMP) on Nili Ravi buffaloes. Prep...
Hanan M. El-Zahed, Hanaa A. Mostafa, Nermeen M. El Sayed and Lamiaa M. Omar
...he two CAV vaccines were immunogenic; Also, by measuring H5N1 HI titers within the 6 weeks post vaccination with AI vaccine in the sera of different chicken subgroups using HI test. It is clearly observed that AI HI antibody mean titers in S/C and in DW CAV vaccinated subgroups at the period between 3rd and 6th WPV with inactivated AI vaccine are high, homogenous and protective (titer range from 27.8 to 211) Also, these titers lay within the range of that tite...
Youssef A. Elgharbawy1, Mervat M. Ali1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Mohamed A. Shalaby2
... that did not affect the immunogenic characterization of the LSDV and the process last for 18 hours with 1% concentration of BEI at 37°c. The inactivated LSDV tested on MDBK cells and the animals free of antibodies for residual live virus and determination of minimal protective dose (MPD) of prepared inactivated LSDV. The MPD was 1.5 ml of the inactivated virus and the vaccine was prepared by adding equal volume of the adjuvants (Montanide ISA 50 and Monta...
Soad, E. Elsayed 1, Mohammed A. Shalaby2, Ausama A. Yousef2, Abu bakr A. Agor1,
Sherouk E. Aly1
...ion test showed enhanced immunogenicity of
developed formula when compared to the conventional one. Challenge test revealed high protection
levels that reached 90% of the Guinea pig vaccinated by nano emulsion.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that we aimed to enhance immunity through nano emulsion of
Montanide ISA 206 is well achieved.
...
Shourok E. Aly 1, Karim Zaki1, Soad E. Elsayed2, M. Elgamal2, Ausama A. Yousef1, Mohamed A. Shalaby1
... we aimed to enhance the immunogenicity of the conventional vaccine by
developing a smaller particle size vaccine formulation through ultrasonic dispersion of aluminum
hydroxide adjuvant.
Methods: This was achieved by ultrasonication of aluminum hydroxide gel in the presence of
trehalose as dispersant and measuring different physical characters including particle size, Zeta
potential, loading capacity...
Mona Mohammed EL-Derbawy1, Eman Naser Hafez2*,
Mona Abdel Daym Abd Rabbo1, Nagwa Ibrahim Toaleb3,
Saedia Abdel Hady Sayed El-Ahl1 and Bahaa Eldkeen Wade EL-Aswad4
... converting it from poor immunogenic to highly immunogenic surface.This study aims to comparatively analyze normal and gamma radiation-attenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercarial antigens (SCA) by ELISA for serodiagnosis. Total IgG ELISA was assessed to evaluate the potency of two parts of Schistosoma mansoni ceracrial antigens (2000 each) one normal and other exposed to attenuating dose of 400 Gy gamma radiations...
Mustafa Ozan Atasoy
...r vaccines, which convey immunogenic genes of interest obtained from vitally important diseases. Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) has long been considered a versatile tool owing to its non-pathogenic characteristic, relatively higher transgenic capacity, and enabling the DIVA strategy. Numerous bivalent and multivalent HVT constructs have been generated by various methods and some of these constructs have been made commercially available so far. The efficacy of HV...
Lin Huang1, Ling Mai2, Keyan Zhong1 and Xinjun Chen3*
...ing that SeFABP had good immunogenicity. Its secondary structure contains 2 α-helix (13.07%), 10 β-sheet (56.92%) and 30% random coli. The comparison of multiple FABPs sequences showed that the species were identical and highly conserved at multiple AA sites. Specifically, SeFABP has the highest similarity with T. multiceps and M. vogae, close to 37%, but the lowest similarity with F. hepatica and F. gigatica, close to 22%. Plasmid double enzyme dig...
Sana Shakoor, Tahir Rehman Samiullah, Naila Shahid, Abdul Qayyum Rao*, Aneela Yasmeen, Sana Tahir, Ayesha Latif, Saira Azam, Ahmad Ali Shahid and Tayyab Husnain
...A gene was chosen as the immunogenic antigen because it is highly conserved among H9N2 strain of avian influenza virus. Moreover, immunogenic regions within HA gene may contain potential immunogenic epitopes. The specificity of HA protein produced from E. coli was confirmed through an antibody-antigen reaction on the nitrocellulose membrane. The appearance of 67 KDa protein on the nitrocel...
Mirtneh Akalu1,2*, Takele Abayneh2, Esayas Gelaye2, Behailu Tefera2, Teferi Degefa2, Vemulapati Bhadra Murthy1
...designed to evaluate the immunogenic potential of M. haemolytica serotype A:1 OMVs (MH-OMVs). Fifteen calves were divided randomly into three groups of five calves and immunized with single-dose and booster-dose of 0.15 mg/ml vesicle preparation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assay of the partially purified MH-OMVs revealed approximately ten protein bands ranging from 25 to 104 kDa. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay ...
Mohammed Naji Odhah1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1*, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Bashiru Garba5, Zaid Mahmood1, Eric Lim Teik Chung6, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila7
... its Mycolic acids (MAs) immunogen extract. About 12 healthy crossbred female Boer goats were assigned into three groups (A, B and C), each comprising of 4 goats. Group A (Negative control group) was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS-pH 7); Group B (Mycolic acid group) was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of immunogenic Mycolic acid extract (1g /ml); while group C (Positive contro...
Bilal Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Masood Rabbani2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Muhammad Awais1, Sohail Ahmad3 and Shahan Azeem2*
...ion for antigenicity and immunogenicity and evaluated for safety, side effects, challenge protection assay, sterility and humoral response in laboratory animals. Safety test showed no general adverse reactions to the vaccines when injected either into mice or rabbits or cow calves. Challenge protection studies revealed a significantly higher survival rate in vaccinated mice and rabbits compared to placebo groups. None of the vaccines when streaked onto culture...
Nguyen Thi Thu Hien1, Dong Huu Rin2, Nguyen Xuan Hoa1, Le Viet Tuan Khanh2, Phung Thang Long1*, Dinh Thi Bich Lan1
...erformed to evaluate the immunogenicity of M. hyopneumoniae P36 protein for use as an antigen to develop novel vaccines and bio-products (e.g., egg yolk antibody) against M. hyopneumoniae.
Keywords | Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine enzootic pneumonia, P36 protein, protein expression, recombinant protein, antigenicity
...
Abida Mushtaque1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Aamir Ghafoor1*, Wasim Shehzad2 and Nadeem Ahmad3
...emia (HS) because of its immunogenic nature. Pasteurella multocida has economic importance because of endemic and epizootic diseases in domestic and wild animals. This bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen of upper respiratory tracts of wild and domestic animals and birds as well as in livestock . The ompH gene was amplified with in-house designed primers, the amplified gene (1002 bp) was cloned into pET 40-b (+) vector and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3)...
Moustafa A. Zaghloul1*, Mohamed F. Azooz1, Saleh E. Ali1*, Heba M. Soliman1, Maha M. Sayed1, Mohamed H. Kafafy2 and Alaa R. Morsy1
...elligence to predict the immunogenic landscape of circulating lumpy skin disease in the Egyptian cattle dairy sector, which will lead to universal blueprints for multiepitope lumpy skin disease vaccine designs. A total of 40 skin nodule samples were collected from clinically affected cattle to detect LSDV using PCR targeting GPCR, RPO30, P32 and EEV glycoprotein genes. The amplified products of samples detected in the skin nodules of cattle were sequenced, and...
Bakr3 *, Youssef M.; Nour El-Din3, Hanan A.; Abd EL-Wahed2, Waiel F. and Hemeidal , Aläa A.
...license (GPL) to predict immunogenic peptides suitable for antibodies production. The thirty amino acids peptide which start from position 163 to position 192 got high score and match the previous laboratory studies which make it one of the best candidates to be immunogenic and capable of producing antibodies that cross react with PLRV. The peptide was chemically synthesized and injected into animal (mouse). The obtained ant...
A-New-Whitefly-Transmitted-Geminivirus
...nivirus (WTG) antiserum [immunogenic oligopeptides coat protein (Cp-3)]. Based on the previous results, the isolated virus TYMV is confirmed to be a whitefly transmitted geminivirus belonging to genus Begomovirus or the Geminiviridae family. ...
M.S. Wassel1; Elham A. El-Ebiary1; Soliman, Y.A.l and El-Sayed, M.M.2
...aining its antigenic and immunogenic power in animals using its protein analysis and Western blotting....
Saira Jabeen1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum3
...vaccine preparation, the immunogenicity of this E. coli (aggR) strain was determined across various concentrations in a cohort of 20 locally bred rabbits. For preparation of vaccines, the antigen concentration was adjusted to 10^10 cells/mL, a level determined to trigger highest IHA antibody response in rabbits. Three distinct vaccine types were prepared, each employing different adjuvants. To ensure the quality and safety of these vaccines, quality control as...
