Haq Aman Ullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Aqeel Javeed3
... particularly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 is the most common metabolite highly toxic for humans and animals. In the present study contamination status of aflatoxin B1 in cotton seed cake, wanda, wheat bran and homemade concentrate mixture of dairy goats was investigated in district Lahore of Pakistan. A total of Twenty 20 goat farms were randomly selected and out of that...
Tayiba Latif Gulraiz1, Arshad Javid1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Muhammad Shahbaz3, Irfan3 and Sharoon Daud4
...fungal (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chrysosporium, Exophilaand Scopulariopsis) and four bacterial (Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Listeria and Streptomycete) genera were common in bolus and guano samples. Seasonal variations were recorded in occurrence of various fungal and bacterial genera. From bolus samples, two fungal Aspergillus and Fusarium and one bacterial Bacillus genera were recorded throughout the year while from guano B...
Muhammad Sohail1,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Naureen Aziz Qureshi2 and Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry3
...evels of heavy metals on gill cells of freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina), a sentinel species in aquatic environment. Freshwater mussels were exposed to none (0µg L-1), low (120 µg L-1), medium (240 µg L-1) and high (360 µg L-1) levels of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) alone and in combinations (Pb + Cr + Cu) for 15 days under laboratory conditions. Gill cells of mussels were used to dete...
G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2
...hocytes . The results on gill and liver tissues sampled showed concentration and time dependent significant increase (p < 0.005) in the values of malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Similarly, aluminium phosphide enhanced levels of AST, ALT and ALP as both concentration and time dependent in elevation were recorded when compared...
Noor Us Saher1, Zunaira Amanat2, M. Asif Gondal3 and Naureen Aziz Qureshi4,*
...as a part of by catch of gillnet deployed for shrimps from April 2005 to March 2007 in Sonmiani Bay waters (Miani Hor lagoon). M. planipes was found abundantly in Sep. 2005, Nov. - Dec. 2005 and Dec. 2006 (93.3%, 94.7%, 92.3% and 87 % respectively). A. lunaris was found in abundance during May 2005 (85.7%) and Aug. 2005 (81.8%). Male specimens of both species (M. planipes: χ2 = 245.4, P < 0.005) and (A. lunaris: χ2 = 99.4, P<0.005) were significa...
Nighat Sultana1,2,*, Shazia Iftikhar1, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif2 and Iffat Tahira2
...ent study evaluated Aspergillus (A) spp. and mycotoxins in fresh and ensiled maize fodder using a model fermentation system and raw materials from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. A. niger, A. flavus and A. fumigatus were the most dominant followed by A. terrus and A. ochraceous in fresh and ensiled maize fodder. Total fungal counts ranged from 1×103 to 4×103cfu/ml for all species in both fresh and ensiled maize fodder. Total aflatoxins (AFB1, ...
Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3
...la, Pythium sp. and Aspergillus flavus were screened against Wilt causing pathogens using the dual culture assay. Among them, Aspergillus flavus was found active fungus against the selected vascular Wilt causing fungus and bacteria, i.e. Fusarium oxysporum (87.50 ± 0.11% inhibition), Xanthomonas campestris (67.00 ± 0.46% inhibition) and Clavibacter michiganensis (72.00 ± 1.02% inhibition). The A. flavus ...
Md. Yeamin Hossain1,*, Md. Alomgir Hossen1, Md. Nasir Uddin Pramanik1, Fairuz Nawer1, Md. Mosaddequr Rahman2, Suraiya Sharmin1, Dalia Khatun1, A. H. Bahkali3, Abdallah M. Elgorban3 and Khairun Yahya4
...net (mesh size ~1.5) and gill net (mesh size 1.8 – 2.2 cm) from July 2013 to June 2014. A total of 142 individuals of B. dario were collected, where 42.0% were males and 58.0% were females. The overall sex ratio did not differ significantly from the expected 1:1 ratio (χ2 = 4.06, p > 0.05). Total length was varied from 5.59 to 12.87 cm and body weight ranged from 3.40 to 27.87 g. All LWRs were highly significant (p <...
Faiz Muhammad,1, 2,*, Zhang Zhi-Feng,1, Shao Ming-Yu1 and Muhammad Shafi3
...n is in order of muscle, gill, lymphoid organ and hepatopancrease.
...
Mürşide Dartay*, Tuncay Atessahin and Erdal Duman
... with multi-monofilament gillnets with a result of 15.23 g/m, and the lowest was with multifilament gillnets with a result of 3.95 g/m (0.5); however, multi‑monofilament gillnets had a result of 23.28 g/m and multifilament gillnets 14.58 g/m (0.67) in July, respectively. Depending on the water temperature and the water depth, the CPUE values were h...
Nadeem Rashid1,*, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Tanvir Ahmad2, Majed Rafeeq1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Arif Awan1, Mohammad Ali1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Asad Ulah1 and Amanullah Khan3
...;">Occurrence of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) in finished commercial broiler feed and among the isolated strains of A. flavus having capacity to produce aflatoxin was investigated in this study. Finished commercial broiler feed samples (n=96) were collected from broiler chicken farms in and around Quetta district. Physical properties i.e. moisture and pH were determined by oven drying and pH meter, respectively. Viable fungal coun...
Honnur Basha, Vinaya Hemannavar, B.Ramanujam, R. Rangeshwaran and S.Sriram
Screening of chilli microflora and other biocontrol agents for their antagonistic effects on Colletotrichum spp. infecting chillies
...f fungi belonged to Aspergillus, Acremonium, Chaetomella,Cunninghamella, Geotrichum, Gliocladium, Monodictys, Mucor, Myrothecium, Penicillium, Periconia and Pithomyces. One-hundred and thirteen isolates of chilli microflora and 49 isolates of Trichoderma, 19 isolates of Bacillus sp., 34 isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and 29 isolates of yeasts from NBAII germplasm collection of biocontrol agents were tested for their antagonistic effect on Colletotrichum g...
Yasemin Bircan Yildirim* and Hediye Tugce Vurmay
...bial flora isolated from gills and intestine tissues of commercially important finfish species: saddled seabream (Oblada melanura), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), Bogue (Boops boops), horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), brushtooth lizardfish (Saurida undosquamis), grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), threadfin bream, (Nemipterus randalli), which were caught from the Isken...
Baohua Chen1,2, Wenzhu Peng3, Jian Xu2, Jingyan Feng1,2, Chuanju Dong1,2 and Peng Xu2,3,*
...leen, kidney, intestine, gill, liver, skin, blood and muscle of common carp. Expression profiles provided us more evidences to understand GST gene functions as well as their functional evolution post duplication. Overall, the whole set of GST genes provide essential genomic resources for future biochemical, toxicological and physiological studies in common carp.
...
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3
... muscles > liver > gills > skin while for Zn the order was skin > kidneys > liver > gills > muscles.
...
Yijin He1, Song Ma2, Bo Liu1,*, Ting Xue1, Qunlan Zhou1, Wu Jin1 and Kui Chen2,*
...R1 were expressed in gill, spleen, heart, lips, skin and tongue tissue, suggesting that it is not only act as taste receptors, but also play other possible functions. Furthermore, the cloning and expression analysis of T2R1 provide theoretical basis to further study function of T2R1 for T. fasciatus.
...
Muhammad Amin1*, Khalid Mahmood2, Imran Bodlah3, Muhammad Rahim Khan2
Zeenat Bano1,*, Sajid Abdullah1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Anjum Zia3 and Wardah Hassan1
...e (POD) in vital organs (gills, liver and kidney) of fish, Cirrhina mrigala. The 3 different representative water samples and 60 fish samples (20 fish from each site) were collected from three sites i.e. fish-farm, hatchery and Indus River of Punjab, Pakistan. The results showed differences in physico-chemical parameters of water samples collected from all the sites. The concentrations of Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) were higher in rive...
Quang Minh Dinh
...at the mesh size of deep gill nets should be increased and avoiding catch fish during the recruitment period for sustainable fishery management.
... 
Gamalat Osman1, Mansour Galal1, Abbas Abul-Ezz2, Ahmad Mohammed1, Mohammed Abul-Ela3 and Asmaa Mostafa Hegazy2
...ical observations of the gills and mantle of L. carinatus showed pronounced alterations at 24 hours and proliferated at the day 15 but showed a further decline at the day 30 of exposure. These findings seem to be time related and were classified as reversible and irreversible changes. Accordingly, it can be concluded that L. carinatusis a typical bioindicator for crude oil pollution....
Ayesha Aihetasham*, Faiza Qayyum and Muhammad Xaaceph
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...tioxidant enzyme) in the gills and liver of Labeo rohita. Experiment was conducted in the laboratory by exposing four groups of Labeo rohita to different doses of PbCl2 viz. 96-h, 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50, separately, for 30 days and compared with control group. After 30 days, fish was sacrificed and their gills and liver isolated to determine ...
Dachuan Cheng1,2, Md Mahbubul Hassan3, Zhenhua Ma1, 2, 3,*, Qibin Yang1 and Jian G. Qin3
...branchial, cleithrum and gill arches were the initial skeletal structures appeared at 3 DPH that supported the vital life functions such as feeding and respiration. Ossification of premaxilla and maxilla and dentary started at 3.21 ± 0.25 mm (9 DPH), and completed at 5.91 ± 0.34 mm (18 DPH). The head skeleton formation completed at 22.35 ± 2.26 mm (31 DPH). The axial skeleton development started with the formation of neural arches at 3.64 ...
Xiaopeng Tang1,3, Rong Xiang1, Sijia Chen1,3, Shufen Yang1,3, Hu Liu1,3, Rejun Fang1,3,* and Aike Li2,*
...e fermented with Aspergillus niger, or hydrolyzed with alcalase and flavourzyme. Secondly, a total of 32 white leghorn roosters with similar body weight (1.95± 0.14 kg) were randomly assigned into 1 of 4 treatments, 1) starvation group, 2) untreated CSM group, 3) FCSM group, and 4) EHCSM group to determinate the Apparent metabolic energy (AME), True metabolic energy (TME) and AA digestibility. Results showed that: (1) CP content in FCSM and ...
Partial Characterization of α-amylase Produced from Aspergillus niger using Potato Peel as Substrate
Shahzad Mahmood1, Memuna Ghafoor Shahid1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Nadeem3*, Quratulain Syed3
...els were done by Aspergillus niger for the production of α–amylase. The crude enzyme produced was further characterized. The results showed that enzyme had an optimum pH of 6.0 and stable in range of 4.0-6.0. Optimum temperature of enzyme was 40oC and attained 96% activity at 40oC for 70min. Metal profile showed that α-amylase activity was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, Cs1+, Mn2...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Sidra Naz3, Sidra Abbas2, Wardah Hassan2, Shakeela Perveen2, Moazama Batool1, Laiba Shafique2
...tivity in liver, kidney, gills, brain and muscle of the fish were also studied. The mean 96 h LC50 and lethal value for C. mrigala was determined as 47.56±0.04 and 93.89±0.07 mgL-1, respectively. The selected concentration of Fe+Ni+Pb+Zn concentrations showed strong and direct relationship with, fin movement followed by mucous secretion, hyperactivity and swimming rate for C. mrigala with R2 value of...
Hazrat Nabi1, Irshad Hussain2, Muhammad Adil3, Amar Nasir3,*, Arbab Sikandar3, Saeed Khan1 and Nasrullah Khan3
...ins derived from Aspergillus parasiticus were mixed in the feed measuring 150 ppb and fed to various broiler groups. Mycotoxin binders were also added into the feed and offered to group E and F from 14th-42nd day of age. The impact of mycotoxin binders on antibody titer against New Castle disease virus, feed consumption, weight gain, relative weights of lymphoid organs and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers were investigated. ...
Md. Abu Affan1,*, Abdulmohsin Al-Sofyani1, Adnan Jaman Turki2 and Mohammed S.B. Hariri3
...stmortem, especially the gills and gut content of dead fishes were studied. The dead Tilapia tilapia (Tilapia), Chanos chano (Milkfish) and Parapriacanthus ransonneti (Glassfish) were found with wide mouth opened, skin with huge mucous and a bent back head, flared gills lesion and reddish sanguinary. The water temperature (°C), DO, salinity and pH varied from 24.8 to 26.2 (°C), 0.10 to 0.35 mg/L,...
Wajid Ali1,*, Asma Karim1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Ghulam Mustafa4, Zeeshan Shafique1, Ijaz Anwar1
...l and total protein) and gills for histology were taken after 96 hrs. After acute exposure to pesticide, significant changes were observed in serum biochemistry and histology. Serum glucose and cholesterol were increased while total protein was decreased. Histopathological result reveled that gills of experimental fish was damage severely resulting Necrosis, Damaged nuclei , rupturing of epithelial cells, Mucous cells and se...
Sana Rana1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
...talase (CAT) activity in gills of carnivorous fish Channa striata was observed. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) of DM+END mixture for 14-day. CAT was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique and kinetic characterization was also performed against different pH and temperature. CAT activity was measured spectrophotometrically at A240 nm. Results showed that highest CAT activity was noted from the crude e...
Zulqarnain and Zafar Iqbal*
...ng Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma harzianum, Alternaria solani and Pythium aphanidermatum showed growth inhibition (%) against the pathogen. Penicillium sp. showed maximum growth inhibition (63.85 ± 3.26 %) and its extract showed 9.20 ± 0.14 mm zone of inhibition at 1000 mg·L-1 against the Fusarium wilt. Based on its higher in vitro antifungal activity, in vivo screen...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...a isolated were: Aspergillus, Alternaria, Penicillium, Mucor. Blastomyces, Rhizopus and Fusarium. Ten bacterial genera were also isolated; Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Moraxella, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus,. Carnobacterium. There has not been a single case of topically acquired infection among students, laboratory staff and the author throughout the whole perio...
*Irum Javed1, Muhammad Asgher2, Sadia Noreen1, Humara Naz Majeed1 and Tanzila Sahar1
SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURE RESIDUE AS SUBSTRATE
...n of citric acid by Aspergillus niger using agro-industrial wastes. In the first step of study the liquid state fermentation (LSF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus niger was compared using molasses based medium and the different carrier substrate. In a second set of study wheat bran was utilized for citric acid production via fermentation parameters was optimized. The results showed significant (P≤ 0.05) ...
Zafar Iqbal*, Hafiza Madhia Imtiaz
Parasites of double tail goldfish, Carassius auratus L. imported to Pakistan
... on the fish.
The gills showed 100% infection by Dactylogyrus sp. and mean intensity was 35.4. Fins of the fish also
showed high infection (68%) and mean intensity (13.82) by Gyrodactylus sp. Argulus foliaceus infection
on skin and fins was 40% and its mean intensity was found 4.2. Metacercariae of an un-identified
digenean were also found encysted on gill filaments (infection 32%, mean intensity ...
The gills showed 100% infection by Dactylogyrus sp. and mean intensity was 35.4. Fins of the fish also
showed high infection (68%) and mean intensity (13.82) by Gyrodactylus sp. Argulus foliaceus infection
on skin and fins was 40% and its mean intensity was found 4.2. Metacercariae of an un-identified
digenean were also found encysted on gill filaments (infection 32%, mean intensity ...
Khurram Shahzad1*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Farhat Jabeen2, Nasreen Kosour3, Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1, Munir Ahmad1
Bioaccumulation of manufactured titanium dioxide
...tered and
organs (gills, liver and muscles) were freeze dried. Freeze dried tissue samples
were digested with the help of nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4). Acid
digested samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) foraccumulation of Ti, Cu and Zn nanoparticles in
various tissues (gills, liver and muscles). Ti and Cu accumulation in
organs (gills, liver and muscles) were freeze dried. Freeze dried tissue samples
were digested with the help of nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4). Acid
digested samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) foraccumulation of Ti, Cu and Zn nanoparticles in
various tissues (gills, liver and muscles). Ti and Cu accumulation in
Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram
...s: Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria sp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium sp. After sequencing of DNA the pathogen species identified includes fungal Colletotrichum sp. These pathogens are involved in deterioration the skin of Citrus reticulate. They can either attack the healthy fruit leading to various infections or they can enter through various lesions caused by physical stress and wor...
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah1, Mohcen Menaa2,*, Salah Telailia3,Menouar Saheb1 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi2
... Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, European Serin Serinus serinus, House Sparrow Passer domesticus, European Greenfinch Chloris chloris, Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata, andCommon Blackbird Turdus merula. The differences between pine woodlands and oak woodlands (about 60%) and oak-pine mixed woodlands and oak woodlands (about 50%) were mainly produced by species that were present in just one sampled area, most w...
Gangchun Xu1,2, Fukuan Du2, Yuyu Wang2, Yan Li2, Zhijuan Nie2 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...trongly expressed in the gills and liver while PTGES2b was strongly expressed in the gills and testis. Expression of both PTGES2a and PTGES2b decreased from stage III to stage V and PTGES2a was significantly more highly expressed than PTGES2b. In the spawning process, the expression of PTGES2a did not significantly change, remaining at a low level. In contrast, PTGES2b express...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...catalase activity in the gills, liver, kidney, muscles and brain. Among the fish species, C. mrigala accumulated significantly higher concentration of all metals as compared to L. rohita and C. catla. Bioaccumulation of all metals among the organs followed the order: liver>gills>kidney>brain>muscles, however, metals followed the trend for their accumulation: Cd>Cr>Cu>Pb. Antioxidant ...
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
...fungal strains were Aspergillus. niger, A. flavus, and D. turcica. The maximum zones of inhibition, 23.00±0.56 mm and 25.00±0.50 mm was given by ethyl acetate fraction of leaves against P. fluorescens and A. niger respectively. The crude saponins isolated from leaves did not give significant results against the tested bacterial strains where as it was significantly active against fungal strains. The results were compared to standard drug, Ciprofl...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Wardah Hassan3, Moazama Batool4, Shakeela Perveen5, Sadia Maalik4 and Sajida Mushtaq4
...different organs (liver, gills, kidney, brain, heart and muscle) of fish, Labeo rohita. The LC50 of chlorpyrifos+endosulfan mixture was calculated as 1.95±0.02 μgL-1 for 96 h with the 95% confidence limits. The fish expose to the mixture (1:1) for 96-h. The results obtained from this study showed that superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the liver, gill
Iqra Jaffar, Zainab Sehzadi, Muhammad Adeel, Khalid P. Lone and Mehwish Faheem*
...tive stress in liver and gills by analyzing activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO). Catalase activity increased significantly in liver and gills of fish exposed to 10μg/l of DBP. Level of GSH and LPO increased significantly in gills while a non-significant decrease was recorded for GSH and GST in liver. Th...
Bo Zhang1, Changbo Zhu1, Zihao Meng1,4, Baosuo Liu1, Lian Zhong3, Guiju Huang1, Jiaqi Su1, Sigang Fan1 and Dahui Yu1,2,*
...tenoids in the adductor, gill, mantle, and visceral mass was 6.50%, 10.79%, 15.11% and 67.61%, respectively. Generally, the tissue-specific carotenoid distribution is ranked in the order being adductor < mantle < gill < visceral mass. Significant correlations were found between TCC and the color parameters, with the highest fit (r = 0.908) in the Pearson’s correlation between the color parameter, a* (re...
Naheed Ikram and Nafisa Shoaib*
...species of fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. from 14 different genera of commercially important marine fishes Acanthopagrus sp. Parastromateus niger, Nemipterus sp., Pampus argenteus, Ilisha sp., Alepes djedaba, Epinephelus sp., Teraponjarbua, Terapon puta, Scomberomoru...
Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Shahid Yousaf1, Salman Khurshid1*, Qurrat Ul Ain Akbar1, Saqib Arif1, Nasreen Fatima2 and Ali Murad Rahoo3
...gal species viz. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata have been identified in citrus samples. However, major incidence was recorded for Aspergillus niger (41.6%) followed by Fusarium oxysporum (27.7%). Infected samples (5.9) had high pH as compared to the healthy samples (3.1). Total soluble soli...
Maliha Ayub1, Muhammad Javed1, Fariha Latif 1*, Faiza Ambreen2, Komal Sabir1
... the fish liver, kidney, gills and brain and then compared with control group. The results showed that the antioxidant activity increased significantly in all organs of metal stressed fish as compared to the control fish. Among all test concentrations, the activity of antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase) was significantly higher in the fish liver under 96-hr LC50 manganese exposed fish as evident from its mean value as 0.685±0.005UmL-1,...
Muhammad Suleman1,*, Abu ul Hassan Faiz2, Muhammad Shahbaz2 and Ayesha Riaz3
...V irradiation of Aspergillus niger at different concentrations of wheat bran as carbon source (2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 %) on the production of xylanase. Submerged fermentation was carried out in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using vogel’s medium at 35°C for five days. UV irradiated A. niger has significantly increased the xylanase production as compared to parent strains. Twenty minutes exposure of A. niger was considered suitable for the p...
Nosheen1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
...y in tissues viz. liver, gills, kidney, muscle, heart and brain of fish Catla catla exposed for 4-day. After each sampling (24-hr interval) fish were dissected and required organs were obtained. Results showed that the POD activity was augmented in all selected organs of Pb+2 exposed fish in relation to control. The POD activity in organs of fish followed the order: brain>liver>gills>kidney>heart>muscle. Regre...
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
... stonolifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus were tested for the production of antimicrobial agents. The produced antimicrobial metabolites included Aflatrem, Monacolin K, Fusarubin and Tautomycetin. Different fermentation parameters were optimized to produce antimicrobial agents using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and best res...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
...ss in the liver, kidney, gills, muscles and brain of Cirrhina mrigala. The 120-days old fish were exposed to 1/4th (11.81mgL-1) and 2/3rd (31.49mgL-1) of 96-h LC50 of water-borne Pb for three fortnights (42 days) in glass aquaria at pH 7.5, temperature 30°C and total hardness 250mgL-1. After each fortnight, fish were sampled from each treatment and different organs such as liver, kidn...
Hazrat Ali1,2,*, Ezzat Khan1,* and Muhammad Jamal Nasir3
...er tissues such as skin, gills, liver and kidneys of two fish species i.e., Clupisoma naziri and Mastacembelus armatus. Cr concentrations in fish muscles ranged from 30.5±41.9 to 70.8±12.1 mg kg−1 wet weight, Ni from 16.7±10.2 to 103.5±114.1 mg kg−1 wet weight, Cd from 1.1±0.18 to 2.5±0.21 mg kg−1 wet weight and Pb from 29.7±18.3 to 97.7&plu...
Mustafa Koyun1*and Åženol Çelik2
...> in each lamella of the gills and the distribution of D. spathaceum in the right and left eye lenses were evaluated. Two different algorithms (MARS and CHAID) were examined to evaluate the total fish weight, fish size, sex, season, station and recorded ectoparasites variables in host fish. In the study, MARS algorithm was formed to evaluate the effects of M. heteranchorus, U. pictorum recorded in the gill
Amna Shoaib*, Zoia Arshad Awan and Naureen Akhtar
...atoxins producer Aspergillus minisclerotigenes and Aspergillus flavus are morphologically similar species that belong to the Aspergillus section Flavi. A. minisclerotigenes and A. flavus were isolated from soybean and okra seeds, respectively. The isolated species were first identified morphologically. ITS1–5.8S–ITS4 primers sequence an...
Xuhui Zhang1, Zhiyuan Sun2, Jinfeng Cai1, Guibin Wang1, Zunling Zhu1, Linguo Zhao3 and Fuliang Cao1,*
...rmentation using Aspergillus niger on growth, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broilers. Three hundred day-old commercial Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 5 dietary treatments including five variations: control group, fed with the basal diets; NF group, the addition of 3 g/kg NF products; FR1, FR2 and FR3 groups, addition of FR products 1 g/kg, 3 g/kg and 6 g/kg, respectively. There was no difference in body weight ga...
Qaisra Siddique1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
...) in tissues viz. brain, gills, kidney, heart, muscle and liver of Labeo rohita kept under sub-lethal dose (4.13 µgL-1) of chlorpyrifos. Fish was kept under chlorpyrifos stress for two months and samples were collected on weekly basis. It was noted that GST level varied significantly with duration. The GST level was raised in first 28 days after that it was dropped off up to 56-day. The trend of GST in fish tissues was observed as muscl...
Saeed Fatima1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Usman Atique2,3*, Arshad Javid4, Noor Khan2, Sonia Iqbal2, Hamid Majeed5, Hamda Azmat2, Bakhat Yawar Ali Khan6, Irfan7, Muhammad Tausif Shahid1, Gulnaz Afzal1
...mulation was detected in gills rather than the muscle tissues that evidently indicated gradual water quality degradation conceiving higher metal concentrations in the environment. Similarly, a higher concentration of Cd was observed in water (0.78 ppm) and sediment (0.64 ppm) samples. In acquiescence to the above-given outcomes, the metal concentration hierarchical arrangement in sediment and water was identical to the witnessed in fish species (Cd > As >...
Min Lv1, Hui Gan2, Zhide Ruan1, Huizan Yang1, Rui Wang1, Laiba Shafique3, Huma Naz4 and Huawei Ma1,*
...and Hg concentrations in gills, large intestines, small intestines, intestine contents, longitudinal muscles, and body wall, and in suspended particles and sediment in the ponds. The effect of fish growth on metal concentrations was determined. Simultaneously, the correlations between heavy metal concentrations in suspended particles, ...
Ambrin1*, Ghulam Dastagir1, Jehan Bakht2 and Muhammad Adil1
...activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum. Minimum MIC value was shown by ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of Z. mauritiana against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. The ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of O. biennis revealed maximum antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Asper...
Tehreem Usman1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qaisra Siddique1
... neural, renal, cardiac, gills and muscle tissues were studied for the determination of CAT activity and TPC after exposure of 24 and 96 h. Results showed that both treatments caused a significant (P<0.01) decline in CAT activity and TPC of C. idella as compared to control group. CAT activity and TPC decreased with the passage of time. Among both treatments, ES+CPF caused greater decline in CAT activity and TPC. It was concluded that insecticides in ...
Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam and Yousaf Jamal
...d fermenting fungi (Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor heimalis). Farm yard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) were used as organic sources of nitrogen. Bio-primed (seeds soaked in 10% BM aqueous solution for 30 minutes just before sowing) and unprimed wheat seeds were tested under various nitrogen sources (NS) with and without BM. Nitrogen sources were NS1 (control), NS2 (full dose from Urea), NS3 (full dose from FYM), NS4 (full dose from PM), NS5 (half dose from Ur...
Saira Saleemi1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2
... freshwater fishes. Aspergillosis is a fungal disease of fish. This study was designed to examine a fungal infection in silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The infected fish showed clinical signs such as: eroded gills, damaged fins and lesions all over the body. The fish specimens showed mild to severe infection. The infection caused by fungus was confirmed by isolating the pathogenic fungus from affected...
Zarish Yaqoob1, Saleema Bashir Shams2, Gaitee Joshua2 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza2,3*
... metals was found in the gills of fish followed by liver, kidneys, muscle and fat cells. Overall, seventeen fish species were recorded in the study areas indicating a decrease in the number of species in Ravi. The results have shown that the water of Ravi is unsafe for aquatic life and irrigation. Metal concentration in the fish meat is higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) parameters indicating a serious health threat to both, the fish and human...
...tured using a bottom set gill net at a depth of 12 m on 26 March 2019. It was male measuring 42.0 cm in total length, 17.2 cm in carapace length and weighed 3.15 kg. Description of morphological characters and illustrations are presented.
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Yaqiu Liu1, Zhijian Wang 2, Xinhui Li 1*, Jianrong Zhao2 and Weitao Chen 1
...t of oxidative stress on gill and gut enzyme activity in Paramisgurnus dabryanus was studied under different breathing restraint treatments. A total of 150 healthy mature individuals (mean initial body weight = 16.1 ± 3.7 g and mean initial total fork length = 13.1 ± 1.2 cm) were selected for the experiment. The experimental specimens were separated into three modes: control group (n = 50) without any stress treatments; inhibited group (n ...
Naveed Akhtar1*, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1*, Sadia Tabassum1,
Munawar Saleem Ahmad2 and Khan Dil Badshah3
...esion and alterations in gills, liver, brain, kidney, intestine and muscles related with oxidative stress damage was observed. Genotoxicity increased with increase in time and concentration of cypermethrin. Cypermethrin is therefore extremly harmful to aquatic life.
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Hazrat Ali1, 2* and Ezzat Khan1*
...p;skin > muscles > gills. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values of the metals in muscles of M. armatus were in the order: Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. BAF values show that these metals are accumulated in the fish tissues and may pose a potential health risk to regular consumers.
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Salma Javed and Samreen Khan*
...arium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger were examined for their aptitude to assist the population rate of the said species. Nematodes were collected from soil around the rhizospheres of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrical L.) field in the vicinity of National Nematological Research Centre, University of Karachi and further processed by Cobb’s sieving and Baermann’s funnel techniques. Specimens were killed, fixed and identified up to species level under l...
Syed Muhammad Aun Naqvi1, Sara Tahir1, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Huma Naz3, Amara Gilani4, Atif Liaqat5
...age) was measured in the gills of the weight group W3 as compared to W1 and W2. Generally, total carbohydrates are determined by the difference of the entire proximate body composition indices, and in this study, it was found that the liver contains maximum carbohydrates (percentage) relative to other sections of the body examined. Weight group W3 was found to have higher nutrients significantly (p<0.05) as compared to W1 and W2. Further, it is found that a...
Safia Bibi1, Saima Naz1*, Saba Saeed1, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2
...thological variations in gills, liver, kidney and skin of different fishes were noticed when exposed to heavy metals, thus indicating severity of heavy metal toxicity. The current study was focused on the toxicological effect of Cr, Hg, Ni and Cd in different type of fishes and it would be useful for the scientific community to restore different metals contaminating water.
Novelty Statement | Hi...
Assefa Tessema Tecklie1*, Abebe Getahun Gubale1, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma1, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu1 and Eshete Dejen Diresilign2
...%) of the fishermen used gillnets imported from Egypt with mesh size of 4-6 cm stretched mesh size < 8 cm which is the national standard. There are three commercially important fish species, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fishery of Lake Hayq is being used as source of livelihoods for about 2000 people living around the lake. Tehulederie, the largest district border...
Gulnaz Parveen1*, Naila Mukhtar2, Shumaila Irum3 and Nain Bukhari4
...a, Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium moniliforme, Drechslera, Penicillium, and Geotrichum candidum were identified among various vegetables including potato, carrot, okra, eggplant, turnip, cucumber, round gourd, cauliflower, and chilli. These losses result in about a 30% reduction in the yield of these vegetables. By reducing the post-harvest losses, it could be...
Samra Aftab1, Saleem Ullah1 and Farida Anjum2*
...highest colonies of Aspergillus sp. (8 CFU × 104g-1) followed by Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. (7 CFU × 104g-1 and 5 CFU × 104g-1), while the lowest colonies were noted for Candida ablican and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The screening test of these microbes for cellulose degradation showed higher degradation for Trichoderma sp. (6 % and 8 %) followed by Penicillium sp. (4 % and 4.5 %) in both of the samples (saw dust and sugarcane bagasse...
Iftikhar Jan* and Sahib Alam
...racterize different Aspergillus section Flavi isolates in search for nonaflatoxigenic strains for use as biocontrol agent. A total of 434 isolates of A. flavus were isolated from soil and stored maize grain samples collected from four agroecological zones (AEZ) i.e., AEZ-A, AEZ-B, AEZ-C and AEZ-D of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The mycological analysis of the samples demonstrated that the highest population of Aspergil...
Nelson D. Zambrano1, Wilber Arteaga1, José Velasquez2 and Dorys T. Chirinos1*
...r, the predators, Coleomegilla maculata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Cheilomenes sexmaculata and Zelus sp., were inferior in the treated plots. Yield ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 tons. Thrips palmi is first reported feeding on cotton in Ecuador. The results showed high populations of B. tabaci in the chemical treatment, and its suppressive effect on the beneficial entomofauna. Future research should focus on evaluating the selective applications of some insecticides to con...
Shahida Sabir1, Anwar Ali Shad1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Nasiruddin2, Yaseen Ahmad1 and Syed Sartaj Alam3
...cillium claviforme, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium sp.). Methanolic extract of P. eryngii showed increasing % mortality against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) in methanolic extract with increasing concentration after 24 and 48 h exposure time. Maximum mortality (100%) was noticed at 300 mg/L after 40 h exposure time. Hence, methanolic extract of P. eryngii can be used as a natural pesticide, especially in stored grains. ...
Moazama Batool1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Huma Naz3, Mubashar Hussain4, Sadia Maalik1, Sajida Mushtaq1, Tanveer Ahmed5 and Laiba Shafique6
...ed as kidney>liver>gills>skin>fins>bones>muscle.
