Muhammad Ibrahim, Jawaria Ali Khan, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, Wasim Shehzad, Muhammad Avais, Ali Husnain, Naimatullah Khan, Muhammad Kamran Ameen and Abdullah Iqbal
... were the most efficient drugs as 66% cows suffering from subclinical mastitis were recovered by treatment of each of them. Cows suffering from subclinical mastitis showed a 50 % recovery percentage when treated with lemon for five days and 33 percent cows recovered from subclinical mastitis when treated with Black Pepper for five days. Udder health status and milk quality can be enhanced with use of Garlic and Vitamin E + Se combination in cows....
Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1*
... including other illicit drugs is a chronic, relapsing multifactorial disorder of brain and, if left untreated, major medical, social, and economic problems arise. Drug addiction is among major health issues faced by the World including Pakistan with an alarming annual increase in heroin addicts. The study was designed to identify the socio-demographic risk factors contributing to increasing susceptibility to heroin addiction in Pakistani populations. In this ...
KM Fakhrul-Islam, Mohammad Shah Jalal, Sonnet Poddr, Md Nurul Quader, Md Sahidur-Rahman, Avijit Dutta and Shuvo Mazumder
...ering clinical signs and drugs used for treatment during 13 January to 15 March 2015. A total of 131 cattle was investigated and 16.8% cattle cattle were recorded as FMD. The proportionate prevalence of FMD in different study areas were 4.5-18.2%. The occurrence of FMD was higher in February (23.3%) than in January (13.5%) and March (18.5%). Younger cattle were more commonly affected (59.1%) than older ones. Almost 96% of the female cattle were FMD positive. C...
Tuli Dey, Sonnet Poddar and Mukti Barua
...ihistaminic and hormonal drugs were given. This case as well as the condition of the animal were followed up and gave the result of successful recovery without any complication....
Salman Khalid1,*, Abdul Rehman2, Mohammad Yasin Amir1, Abdul Rehman1, Imran Sarfaraz1 and Muhammad Asif1
...nd efficacy of different drugs on controlling tick’s infestation in commercial layer, a double blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. For therapeutic trials, the 80 birds (n= 60 infested with ticks, n= 20 healthy birds) were selected and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), each comprising of 20 birds. Group A and B were treated with Ivermectin @ 0.2mg/Kg orally for two days and Fipronil (Spray at once), respectively. Group C was kept as p...
D. C. Khatua, B. Mondal and G. Saha
Bioassay of some agricultural chemicals, human drugs and disinfectants on Phytophthora melonis Katsura causing fruit and vine rot of pointed gourd
...ctants and antiprotozoal drugs were tested on Phtophthora melonis Katsura causing fruit and vine rot of pointed gourd in aqueous environment. Antifungal antibiotics viz. validamycin, kasugamycin, griseofulvin, fluconazole and ketoconazole did not have any pronounced effect on mycelial growth, sporangia formation and its germination. None of the eight antibiotics used in this study prevented mycelial growth. No sporangia formation was recorded in five antibioti...
Jawad Anwar* and Zafar Iqbal
...ial source of antibiotic drugs as it showed a wide range of bioactivity against both phyto and human pathogenic bacteria. ...
Sanjukta Chakrabarti1, Colin J. Barrow2, Rupinder K. Kanwar3, Venkata Ramana1*, Rakesh N. Veedu4,5 and Jagat R. Kanwar3*
...nesis. Several anti-VEGF drugs have been developed over the last two decades and some are still at different development stages of pre-clinical and clinical trials. In this study, we explored the anti-angiogenic properties of three anti-VEGF molecules such as two fusion proteins, VEGF TrapR1R2 and VEGFR1(D1-D3)-Fc, and one DNA aptamer, RNV66, in an in vivo model of human A549 lung cancer. VEGF TrapR1R2 is a commercial anti-angiogenic fusion protein. Our earlie...
Tahira Perveen1,*, Shaista Emad1, Saara Ahmad2, Zehra Batool1, Sarwat Yousuf1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sara Qadeer1 and Saida Haider1
...epressants are effective drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Along with the effectiveness these drugs are also associated with some side effects. Since ancient times herbs are used as medicinal purposes. One such herb is Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Fennel has many efficacious uses. It is a common herb and spice. It is used in many culinary purposes and also it has therapeutic purposes. In the present st...
Sana Imran1*, Sarwat Jahan2 and Mohammad Sair3
...ic patients taking these drugs.In this randomized and comparative study, psoriasis severity was checked by Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). At day 90 Calcipotriol treated group B patients showed more improvement in mean PASI score as compared to Betamethasone valerate treated group A patients. In PASI score, Calcipotriol shows 71.61% betterment whereas Betamethasone vale rate shows 63.2% betterment in mild psoriatic patients. In PASI score, Calcipotriol s...
Faiza Hassan1, Mubshara Saadia1,*, Muhammad Sher1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Muhammad Arshad3,Asam Riaz4 and Mahmood Ahmad Khan5
...of diabetes by synthetic drugs has been found cost effective with severe side effects as well. Herbal remedies are gaining popularity. Black cumin and garlic are found effective against hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Present study was designed to evaluate the relative antidiabetic potential of garlic aqueous (AGE) and petroleum ether (EGE) extracts compared to black cumin (Nigella sativa oil; NSO) and insulin. Alloxan induced di...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
... therapeutic response to drugs. Two different ecological zones, Cholistan (n=185) and Suleiman Range (n=177) of Pakistan having major population of camel were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test using convenient sampling technique. Biochemical examination was performed to isolate S. aureus that further were tested Penicillin, Glycopeptide, and Cephalosporin classes of antibiotics for confirmation of MDR isolates using disk d...
Mian Sajjad Ahmad1, Somia Iqtadar1, Sami Ullah Mumtaz1*, Zafar Niaz1, Iqra Waheed2 and Sajid Abaidullah1
... physical exercise & drugs should be taken to control obesity. ...
Musrrat Fatima, Muhammad Saad Khan, Hamid Rashid, Asim Mehmood, Sumaira Kanwal, Muhammad Asif Rasheed and Farrukh Jamil*
...ere is a need to develop drugs against ZIKV. Here we uses pharmacoinformatics techniques to identify potential inhibitors against ZIKV protease NS2B-NS3, which has a well-known role in the viral replication. By using three dimensional structure of the NS2B-NS3, an allosteric site has been identified in the protein. Moreover, the identified site is used for structure-based virtual screening. After screening 100,000 compounds, 14 compounds are selected, which fu...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5
... factors. There are many drugs available for asthma and magnesium sulphate is given intravenously as an important adjunct therapy during the acute severe attack of asthma
Objective: This study was panned to determine the effect of intravenous MgSO4 on pulmonary function test in acute severe attack of asthma.
Methodology: A double blind placebo control study was conduced on about 132 asthmatics, which were aged b...
Sahar Naz1, Farhan Rasheed2, Muhammad Saeed3*, Shagufta Iram4 and Ambereen Anwar Imran5
Zartasha Anjum1*, Rakhshindah Bajwa2 and Munazza Hassan3
...ct | Statins are the drugs that target 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR). Several studies have reported the anti-tumoral properties of statins by exhibiting anti-proliferative properties in HMG-CoAR positive breast carcinomas. Increased efficacy has also been observed when these were used as combination therapy along with tamoxifen in estrogen receptor (ER) and HMG-COAR positive breast carcinomas. However, in our local population, ...
Ayesha Noreen1, Dilara A. Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1,*
...ke, tobacco, xenobiotic, drugs, medical materials, radiations, pesticides, industrial solvents and ozone. The processes running in the cell membranes, peroxisomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum also generate ROS. ROS can be activated by numerous external factors, and play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis. ROS and tumor cell interaction could activate the signalling pathways, promoting cell proliferation, invasion, inducing angiogenesi...
Syed Aun Muhammad1, Muhammad Soaib Said2, Shams Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Dawood2, Muneer Ahmed Qazi3 and Nighat Fatima2,*
...d for discovery of novel drugs with selective potential. In this study, we illuminate the binding mode of pimarane diterpenes (diaporthein A and diaporthein B) to the NMD-1 by molecular docking. A computational ligand-target docking approach was used to analyze structural complexes of enzyme target with diaportheins. Auto Grid model showed the most energetically favorable binding mode of natural compounds to beta-lactamase. Docked energies for diaporthein A an...
Rida Zainab1, Sana Elahi1, Afshan Kaleem2,*, Daniel C. Hoessli3, Mehwish Iqtedar2, Roheena Abdullah2, Faiza Saleem2, Shanza Khan1, Anusha Ijaz1, Shagufta Naz2 and Abdul R. Shakoori4,5,*
...o develop more efficient drugs. One of the computational methods becoming increasingly popular to develop new drugs is relying on Pharmacophores. This method was utilized to develop pharmacophore models of Akt2 inhibitors and β2-Adrenoceptor agonists. A pharmacophore model is proposed, using fourteen second generation and one first generation antipsychotic drugs for Schizophrenia that...
Muhammad Khan
...ing new uses of existing drugs) has offered a novel strategy for discovering new anticancer drugs from non-cancer drugs. Drug repurposing has attracted the attention of scientific community involved in anticancer drug discovery because it is cost effective and less time consuming compared to the conventional drug discovery strategy involving de novo identification, characterization ...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
...ns, macrolides and other drugs showed that 50% of CPS and 30% of CNS were found multi-drug resistant-exhibiting resistance against more than two or more than two classes of drugs. None of the CPS while 20 % from CNS isolates were 100% susceptible to all kinds of drugs tested. Finally, age, grazing system, use of beta-lactam antibiotics, parity, and poor hygiene were potential risk factors....
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sundas Nasreen1, Sobia Safeer1, Saiqa Andleeb1, Mubashir Ejaz1, Saira Bano2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3
Medicinal plants as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment
...otent natural sources of drugs to treat different human inflammations since ancient time. Many
of anticancer lead bioactive molecules such as vinca alkaloid, vinblastine, vincristine, camptothecin, and taxanes
have been characterized from different medicinal plants and are used as therapeutic agents in worldwide. Technical
strategies based on the natural yield of drug innovation, ethnomedicines and traditional pharmacology is reemerging
of anticancer lead bioactive molecules such as vinca alkaloid, vinblastine, vincristine, camptothecin, and taxanes
have been characterized from different medicinal plants and are used as therapeutic agents in worldwide. Technical
strategies based on the natural yield of drug innovation, ethnomedicines and traditional pharmacology is reemerging
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
...s were resistant towards drugs such as cephalosporin, ceftazidime but majority of them were sensitive to polymyxins, tazocin and fusidic acid. Proper screening of MBLs producing GNRs should be done from clinical specimens along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing for developing an effective treatment strategy and thus better control of infections caused by these bugs in future.
... 
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
...r to overcome antibiotic drugs resistance, plants provide source for discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. This study was carried out, include in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening of aqueous methanolic extracts as well as crude saponins isolated from leaves and roots of Sarcococca saligna, using disc diffusion method. The tested bacterial strains include, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, P. fluorescens and fungal ...
Wali Khan1,*, Mudassar Iqbal2 and Israr Khan2
...s. Therefore both of the drugs used are equally contributed in the controlling of intestinal parasitic diseases in children.
...
Uzma Jabeen1, Irfan Khan2, Nadia Naeem2, Asmat Salim2,* and Waseem Ahmed1
Qi Ren, Shufeng Sun, Chen Niu, Yuhong Li, Yingzhi Chong, Biao Li, Guoying Zheng and Fumin Feng*
...tance. Anti-tuberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity in HL-7702 cells was investigated. Dehydrogenase activity was detected by a lactate dehydrogenase assay kit; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration were detected by a total superoxide dismutase test kit and a malondialdehyde test kit. Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from cells; Methylation was inhibited by treating HL7702 cells with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (AZA), a...
Barkat Ali1,2, Wasim Sajjad1,2,3, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Rafiq1, Sahib Zada1, Aamer Ali Shah1 and Fariha Hasan1,*
...ing of new antimicrobial drugs is always needed to solve the problem of continue resistance emerging among microorganisms against antibiotics already in use. Microorganisms from unusual environments, such as reported from the surface and inside of rocks are a repository of certain metabolites that might be able to solve the problem of increasing resistance against antibiotics. The present study was designed to isolate endolithic and epilithic bacterial strains...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Shahid1, Adnan Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra1, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman3* and Munawar Ali Munawar1
...xcellent addition in the drugs used to suppress the higher level of blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus.
...
Hong-mei Gao, Wen-long Su, Gui-bin Tao, Han-yang Li, Wen-zheng Cao and Zhi-dong Qiu*
...w (BM).Most chemotherapy drugs are toxic to cancer cells and normal healthy hematopoietic cells. Hemoglobin and red blood cell levels drop in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Geniposide can reduce the adverse radiation damage of bloosd tissue after high dose irradiation.We found that geniposide can recovery the red blood count after chemotherapy medications (5-Fluorouracil, 5-FU) treatment mice. The mechanism of action of genistein on erythrocyte pro...
Ihsanullah Kakr1, Sarwar Khan2, Khalid Khan3* and Sajjad Ahmed1
...lude additional costs of drugs, veterinarian fee, preventive medicine and quarantine. Moreover, the present study demonstrates that the respondents above the age of 50 years were more experienced in disease diagnosis and use of traditional veterinary practices. ...
Mohammad Ejaz1, Salma Javed2, Muhammad Hamza1, Sadia Tabassum2, Muhammad Abubakar3, Irfan Ullah4*
...ch sources for the novel drugs. Endophytes are the rich source of these bioactive molecules having a wide range of applications as compared to the original products. Fungal endophytes are the most commonly used endophytes for the isolation of various different types of bioactive molecules. These bioactive molecules can be used as antimicrobial, antibacterial and anticancer agents. Fungal endophytes like Taxomyces andreanae isolated from Yew plant have t...
Yuhong Li1, Dongxue Wu1, Xue Wang1, Mi Zhang1, Hanyu Zhu1, Zhe Shi1 and Fumin Feng1,2*
...ced by anti-tuberculosis drugs in mice. A total of 168 Kunming mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and one baseline group. The drug groups were orally administered with isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), and combination of these three drugs (HRZ) at 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 days, respectively. Liver tissue pathologies and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activi...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...sistant to commonly used drugs, and hence appropriate usage of antibiotics must be ensured to avoid further dissemination.
...
Muhammad Anwarullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Ghulam Mustafa3, Muhammad Husnain1 and Muhammad Usman1
...e economically important drugs in treatment of Johne’s disease.
...
Neelam Pery*, Nayab Batool Rizvi, Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq
...modifying anti-rheumatic drugs over the drug platform has been taken over by a number of biologics including TNFα inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and co-stimulatory signal inhibitors with better efficacy and safety profile. However, certain factors such as lack of universal response, the need for prolonged therapy, ...
Anurag Sharma*, Naresh Kumar, Geetanjali Singh and Anika Sharma
...e commercially available drugs pose health threats and prove detrimental to both human and animal health. The traditional use of herbal preparations suggests that they are safe and effective, however, scientific validation is still required for many of them especially for animal use. The phyto-pharmacological research on these two natural products show a ray of hope for the discovery of new active compounds with a novel structure that has potential to serve as...
Olotu Titilayo Mabel*, Adeosun Idowu Jesulayomi, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin and Oladipo Elijah Kolawole
...sensitivity to antiviral drugs was analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Our results revealed that Kenyan strain (SN-042062), Ugandan strain (DR138-13), Sudanese strain (G-01035) and Nigerian strain (NGA-INF-2016-618) have similar branch length. The susceptibility percentage for each antiviral drug ranged from 82.35% (Tenofovir) to 64.70% (Rilpivirine) while and resistance percentage ranged from 35.29% (Rilpivirine) to 23.52% (Ne...
Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj-ud-Din
Fluorescence Analysis, Extractive Values and Cytotoxic Screening of Crataeva adansonii DC Leaf and Bark through Brine Shrimp Larvae Assay
...adulterated or exhausted drugs. It lays down parameters for authentication and standardization of drugs. The cytotoxic study helps in the evaluation of a drug for its toxicity, which is determined by the prevention of growth and replication. Such drugs can be used to treat cancer, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. During the present study ethanolic extracts of leaf and bark part...
Xuya Zhou1, Ying Liu1, Deqin Xu1, Jie Bao1, Yaru Cao2 and Yong Jin3*
..."font-size: small;">Many drugs increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as thiazolidine diketone: rosiglitazone, selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors: rofecoxib, celecoxib. This study was aimed to find out whether unification of two drugs would increase cardiovascular side effects. Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced through feeding with fodder containing high sugar and lipid and intraperitoneal injection o...
Adeen Kiran1, Umar Farooq Gohar1*, Ayesha Farooq1, Malik Muhammad Asif2 and Hamid Mukhtar1
Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance using Plant Extracts
... in microbes and current drugs are not effective enough to cure infectious diseases caused by these resistant pathogens. In this battle, there is a continuous need to develop new drugs or compounds that can cure these infections or to reverse the antibiotic resistance in these pathogens. In recent years different experimental approaches highlighted the importance of phytochemicals present in plants and its ability to kill th...
Ahmed Weli Hussein Osman1,2, Rakibul Islam1, Md. Bazlar Rashid1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2,3* and Pravin Mishra4
Nanoparticle Tactics for the Oral Delivery of Insulin in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Model
...dministration of peptide drugs like insulin through the oral avenue specially the gastro-intestinal tract represents the great challenges. Polymeric nanoparticles are suitable colloidal carriers for insulin delivery. The current study was carried out to evaluate nanoparticle tactics for the oral delivery of insulin in the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in rat model. Twenty male rats of age four months were randomly allocated into four different groups (T0, T1, ...
Arnab Tanveer, Shabana Naz*, Azhar Rafique and Asma Ashraf
Umair Riaz1*, Shazia Iqbal2, Muhammad Irfan Sohail2, Tayyaba Samreen2, Muhammad Ashraf1, Fatima Akmal2, Ayesha Siddiqui3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Naveed5, Naveed Iqbal Khan5 and Rao Masood Akhter6
...about 40% newly approved drugs during last two decades are formulated from natural origin. Multitude of socio-economic factors influence economic values of medicinal plants both locally and at international level. The world trade in botanicals is US $ 32.702 billion and Asian botanical trade is for US $ 14.505 billion with 6.634 million tones and accounts for 44.35 per cent and 53.13 per cent of world trade in terms of value and volume, respectively. Following...
Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14
...the ARGs detected target drugs that inhibit translation, of which 66.6% (8/12) were tetracycline resistance (TC-r) genes, while remaining 9.5% (2/14) inhibit cell wall synthesis (cfxA3_1 and cfxA6_1). Eight (aph(3’)-III_1, cfxA3_1, cfxA6_1, erm(B)_10, tet(Q)_1, tet(Q)_2, tet(Q)_4, tet(W)_5) of the ARGs detected were predicted to be plasmid-borne. We report using a cultivation-independent approach the presence of ARGs in Nigerian Chimpanzees. Findings sug...
Basharat Ahmed1, Muhammad Hamza Azhar2, Farah R. Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,3,*
...ging from three to eight drugs. 36 % were resistant to three or more antibiotics at 25µg/ml, 34 % were resistant to three or more antibiotics at 50µg/ml, 18 % were resistant to three or more antibiotics at 100µg/ml and 8 % were resistant to three or more antibiotics at 300µg/ml. The most common pattern of antibiotic resistance was Carbenicillin+ampicillin+co-trimoxazole. The plasmids were observed in 15.1 % MDR strains of Campylobact...
Canan Vejselova Sezer*
...spectively. A variety of drugs are in use for cancer treatment but their recruiting properties are limited because of the developing resistance and/or finiteness of bioavailability. Current research is aimed at synthesis of a new effective agent of a different type, silymarin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and investigation of its effectiveness on treatment of lung and breast cancers. In this respect, these nanoparticles and silymarin were elucidated by usin...
Mehwish Saleem1*, Maria Tahir1, Maryam Ilyas2 and Aqsa Malik2
...of chemotherapy or other drugs. ...
Naimat Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Hassan Saleem2, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shafee3, Ayesha Hassan2, Mumtaz Ali Khan2 and Nadeem Rashid3
...dazole and Azithromycin) drugs were used against five groups (groups A-E). Paromomycin, Metronidazole, Allium sativum and Azithromycin showed 91.77%, 78.20 %, 77% and 59.29 % reduction in oocysts per gram, respectively. This study explores the potential use of Allium sativum against crytosporidium infection and also warns about the high prevalence and possible zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis in southern parts of KPK, Pakistan.
Muhammad Yousif Jakhrai1, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Ali Mujtaba Shah1*, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon1
...high epidural anesthetic drugs injected to induce epidural analgesia in small ruminants like caprine and ovine. The information was obtained from published papers of last twenty years via research gateways such as; PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Small ruminant anesthesia, local anesthesia in ruminants and high epidural analgesia in sheep and goats were key points for this review. However, these research papers were included in this study, were published be...
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with Special Reference to Pakistan: A Review on its Different Aspects
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
...reliable. Some antiviral drugs have shown to be effective against the virus like Favilavir, Remdesivir, Chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine, Tocilizumab etc. but further clinical studies are required to confirm their efficacy. In Pakistan, blood plasma therapy is in high demand but involves the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens. As Pakistan lacks medical facilities. the government has to get testing kits and primers from other countries. Only few quar...
Md. Sahidur Rahman1*, Tishita Ape1, Md. Islam1 and Sharmin Chowdhury2
... amoxicillin, and sulfur drugs were the most frequently used antibiotics in the study area. Among the participants, 99% did not follow the withdrawal period of the drugs and claimed their prescribers did not advise them on it. Among participants, 81% were found unaware of the effect of antibiotic resistance on animal health. The univariable significance test showed the educational status of the farmer had a strong (P < 0....
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3,
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4,
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3
and Hamza Maris3
...than standard acaricidal drugs, ivermectin (63.24%) being conventionally used.
...
Aqsa Shahid1, Saima Muzammil1, Farhan Rasheed2,Bilal Aslam1, Muhammad Akhtar Ali3, Syed Zohaib Haider4, Masroor Ellahi Babar4, Muhammad Saeed1, Umair Waqas1 and Mohsin Khurshid1,*
...d resistant to these two drugs. Moreover, the armA was found in 25% (n=37) of A. baumannii isolates which showed a high level of resistance to aminoglycosides i.e., amikacin; ≥256µg/ml (Breakpoints; ≥64µg/ml) and gentamicin; ≥MIC 64µg/ml (Breakpoints; ≥16µg/ml). This study has described the presence of armA positive A. baumannii strains in Pakistan which poses serious clinical concern that can lea...
Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja
...of day old chicks, feed, drugs and vaccines, labour, shelter and equipment significantly influenced exotic chicken production. The resource use efficiency result infers that DOCs and drugs and vaccine were under-utilized while feeds, labour and housing and equipment were over-utilized by the farmers. The elasticity of production was 1.08. This is increasing returns to scale. This paper concludes that poultry farmers were ine...
Asma Hanif* and Shahnaz Dawar
...niles. Other homeopathic drugs used in the experiment showed no significant nematicidal effect against M. incognita. Kent-20 and Santonine-43 at three different concentrations of 50, 100 and 75% was highly effective when used as seed treatment of okra, sunflower, mung bean and mash beans followed by drenching the soil with these concentrations of both homeopathic drugs separately, also resulted in increasing the weight and h...
Zahid Beg Mirza1,*, Naveed Ali Soomro2 and Farwah Shariff1
...teroid anti-inflammatory drugs, that is diclofenac and other drugs known to be harmful to vultures, were gathered through interviews. This paper suggests that the vultures and other raptors in the mountainous eco-region of Sindh are in relatively larger populations compared to the Eastern side of Sindh due to the abundance of wild ungulates in protected areas such as the Khirthar National Park. ...
Ayesha Muzamil, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Shaukat Ali, Iram Liaqat, Aamir Ali, Muhammad Summer
...roidal and non steroidal drugs i.e., antibiotics are used to treat inflammatory disorders. Theses synthetic drugs have many side effects on the health such as gastrointestinal problems, stomach ulcers, dizziness, liver or kidney problems etc. Cytokines play an important role in the induction and suppression of inflammation. Cytokines are diverse form of proteins that act pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The main compone...
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7
...mental stress. Different drugs have been used against several infections, but sometimes they produce toxic effect in fish body and deteriorate the water quality, which in turn decrease the output of the aquaculture. To overcome these issues, herbal products are used in aquaculture and these are the perfect immune stimulator, antibiotic alternative and growth promotor. The current research was conducted to assess the effect of variant level of Agaricus bisporus...
Xiaoli Cai1,2, Saeed Ahmed3, Zhixin Lei1,*, Jianping Wu1,* and Taolei Sun1,2,*
...teria with antimicrobial drugs and resistance to multidrug (MDR). The present study delivers a possible elucidation to this problem via Nano Drug Delivery. Nanomaterials are relatively small as compared to ordinary antibiotics. The nanoparticle has unique physical and chemical properties, a large surface area, and an electric charge. Additionally, its antibacterial drug encapsulation can make it easier to enter the cell and improve the concentration in the tar...
Yin-Hua Wang1,2, Yi-Bing Zhu1, Li Jiang1, Bin Du3 and Xiu-Ming Xi1*
...ly relevant to the study drugs. Data analysis will adopt an intention-to-treat approach. This trial will demonstrate the probability that remifentanil can reduce the duration of MV in long-term ventilated patients in critically ill patients compared to fentanyl....
Dabeeran Zehra1, Zahida Memon1, Shumaila Usman2,*, Almas Jabeen3, Kauser Ismail1 and Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui2
...erapeutic strategies and drugs. Recently macrolides have drawn attention of researchers in the treatment of cancer owing to their proposed chemotherapeutic role, based on the concept of repurposing, as they are well tolerated, less toxic and inexpensive. In this study we evaluated the combine effects of low dose of Azithromycin with Sorafenib in HepG2 cell line. Co-treatment of Sorafenib and Azithromycin showed enhanced inhibition of cell growth and suppressed...
Hafiz Adnan Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Aslam2, Salman Gul2, Tariq Mehmood2 and Munawar Ali Munawar2
... potential than standard drugs celecoxib and indomethacin. While the anti-inflammation profile of compounds 4h, 4e and 4f during in vivo screening was also comparable to celecoxib and indomethacin. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) was also discussed with the reference of substituent nature. Present results showed that newly synthesized hybrids have significant anti-inflammatory potential and might be played an important role to the development of more...
Tarık Bugra Saruhan and Alptug Sarı*
...ogs, roads, agricultural drugs, and environmental pollution....
Mashakgene Isaac Senoamadi, Thobela Louis, Tyasi Teedzai Chitura*
... commercial anthelmintic drugs (38.3%), ethno-veterinary based methods (12%) while 46.8% did not control gastrointestinal parasites. It can be concluded that clinical haemonchosis presents a potential challenge in the study area due to a low adoption rate of internal parasite control measures among the farmers interviewed.
Keywords | Anthelmintic, Ethno-veterinary, Gastrointestinal parasites, Haemonchus contortus, Respondents
...
Wael Felefel1*, Mohamed EL-Beskawy2, M. F. El -Dakroury3, Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi4, Eman Sayed Mohammed5
...oup 3 (AUC= 0.483). Both drugs were successful in controlling ticks in dogs, but Doramectin injection made a perceived influence on tick treatment in heavy infestation cases. In addition, Doramectin was found to be safer where it improved kidney and liver function tests in addition to the velocity of killing ticks with injection.
Keywords | Doramectin, Fipronil, Hard Ticks, Stray dogs, ROC curve
...
Mehwish Saleem Khan* and Sumama Farooq
...tics by inactivating the drugs, altering the target site, chemically modifying the antibiotics and by ribosomal splitting. Antibiotic resistance can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Bacteria transfer resistance to other microbes through conjugation, transformation and transduction. The present study was conducted at Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore in order to study the resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria. Females are more prone to infections as compared to males ...
Sameena Gul1, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Amara Maryam1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Muhammad Khan*1, Muhammad Irfan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...t these chemotherapeutic drugs through multiple mechanisms including MDR1 gene expression. EGCG (Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate) is one of the major polyphenols present in the dry leaves of green tea plant (Camellia sinensis). It has been observed to potentiate the apoptosis and also inhibit cancer cell growth by affecting various signaling molecules and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Clinical studies demonstrated that EGCG treatment of different type of cancers ...
Amira Adel Taha AL-Hosary1, Walaa Mostafa2*
...ith one of the following drugs: Frontline®-Merial, BARS® ampules, BARS® ear drops, and the last group received a combination of Frontline® and BARS® ear drops. The most prevalent clinical signs were pruritus, dermatitis, frequent scratching of the ears, and head shaking with coffee-like waxy excretions. The epidemiological findings revealed that age and season significantly affected the prevalence of ear mange in cats (P<0.05). Young cat...
Md. Sabuj Rahman and Md. Mahmudul Alam*
...roidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a good prognosis in the calf was noticed. After 1 month, a mild skin problem occurred which was minimized simultaneously....
Umar Farooq Gohar, Attia Majeed, Bushra Muneer* and Hamid Mukhtar
...thesis of the anticancer drugs. In the present study, for the isolation of podophyllotoxin producing endophytic fungi 30 plant (Podophyllum hexandrum) samples were collected from different localities of Pakistan. About 261 fungal strains isolated, among them 22 strains had the ability to produce podophyllotoxin. Maximum podophyllotoxin production (88.14µg/ml) was shown by fungal strain P-18, which was later identified as Penicillium sp. through 18S rRNA ...
Nina Chen1, Shuang Xu2, Juanjuan Lin1* and Moslem Lari Najafi3
...cle size changes of some drugs indicate that these drugs may cause changes in fat particle size during administration. Therefore, these antibiotic preparations should not be administered in conjunction with fat emulsion....
Marwa S. Khattab1*, Ahmed H. Osman1, Huda O. AbuBakr2, Rehab A. Azouz3, Asmaa A. Azouz4, Heba S. Farag5
...only used anti-parasitic drugs is ivermectin in many food-producing animals. This study investigates the harmful effect of ectoparasites, and the side effects of commercial ivermectin drugs on the quality of skin collected from slaughterhouses in Egypt. Methodology: Overall, Ivermectin, pesticide, and veterinary drug residues were detected in 50 random bovine skin samples. Each sample was kept in a separate sterile plastic b...
Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Amer Jamil1 and Faiz Ahmad Joyia2
...o all other fibrinolytic drugs. It is the drug of choice in all low income nations and developing countries. The mortality rate with cardiovascular diseases is 85% in less developed countries and 75% prevalence is in women. The wild and mutant strains of Streptococcus mutans were used for this trace element optimization study. There are some salts like KH2PO4, K2HPO4, NaHCO3, CaCO3, CH3COONa.3H2O and FeSO4. 7H2O have been optimized for the production of SK. Th...
Samiya Rehman*, Eman Mustafa, Ali Ahmad Faiz, Maheen Kanwal, Farkhanda Yasmin and Arooj Fatima
...d physical dependence on drugs which has become a serious issue in the world. Millions of people are using drugs due to different psychological, socio-cultural and family factors. In this regard geographical location and neurobiological circuits also acts supportive factors of addiction. As the rate of drugs usage has increased from era of industrialization, so now it is prevalent everywhe...
Hongfeng Guo
...e mice were treated with drugs, the contents of MDA, SOD and PGE in the lower respiratory tract of SD mice were almost normal compared with those in the intermittent hypoxia group. RT-PCR results showed that compared with the blank control group, the expression of VEGF gene in the lower respiratory tract of SD mice increased after intermittent hypoxia (P<0.05). WB results showed that compared with the blank control group, the expressions of Akt and Bax prot...
Jax Vincent Gamulo, Maye Pearl Bolina, Jessica Serena Brion, Via Crishiela Nicole Dela Rosa, Roxanne Francesca Maglaya, Carl Lexter Tan, Aimee Caye Chang*
...y available anthelmintic drugs. Eligibility criteria for inclusion and protocol was defined for systematic publication database searching. Final reference database consisted of eight (8) published journal articles with a total of 106 Fasciola flukes, published between years 2001 to 2021. The mortality time between tropical plant extracts and commercially available drugs posed a significant difference (P < 0.05), while ten...
Rukhsana Anwar1*, Ammara Abd-Us-Sattar1, Afifa Noor2, Kanwal Ashiq1,3 and Shah Jahan4
...ificant interaction with drugs. This can modulate drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and reduce oxidative stress....
Salman Hussain1, Basit Zeshan2*, Rabiya Arshad1, Saba Kabir1 and Naveed Ahmed3
...to vancomycin antibiotic drugs. Cefoxitin (30 µg) disk diffusion test showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for the identification of MRSA phenotypically. A total of 100 MRSA clinical isolates were positive for the mecA and nuc gene. Only 3 MRSA isolates were positive for the mecC gene. Congo red agar method showed that 20 (20%) isolates formed moderate biofilm while 80 (80%) isolates were non-biofilm forming. Multi drugs
Laveena Shekhawat, Sheethal S*
...d post-op anti-parasitic drugs. Delay in initiating albendazole therapy can lead to recurrence of the cysts in the same sites.
Keywords | Cystic ecchinococcosis, Ecchinococcus granulosus, Hepatic cyst, Parasitic cyst of liver, Liver parasite
...
Owolabi Olutunmise Victoria1*, Saka Olusola Stephen2, Olashinde Oluwaseun Ruth1, Alli Smith Yemisi Rufina3
...s are in search for safe drugs that can bring a total recovery from diabetes. Thirty (35) male wistar rats were divided into six (7) groups of five animals each to study the antidiabetic and antioxidative properties of young Cola acuminata leaves aqueous extract. Diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate.5 ml of normal saline was given to group I , group 2 received 5 mg/kg/ body weight of the standard drug glibenclamide, group 3 was given 140 mg/kg of all...
Zarema Alimsultanova Magomedova1*, Kheda Khalitovna Dadaeva1, Roza Said-Akhmedovna Zakhkieva1, Khasan Khamitovich Shakhbiev1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2
...th Caucasus and test new drugs: tableted Helmicide F, powder Fenbental 50% and Mebentfen powder 50% for the treatment of intestinal nematodes. Studies have shown that nematodes of a zoonotic nature in dogs in the form of mono- and mixed invasions are widespread in the regions of the North Caucasus (KBR, CHR, KCHR) with a total EI of 44-68%. Associative invasion of intestinal nematodes (Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum) was observed mainly in rural settle...
Seyedmohammad Karimi1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Mohammad Barati3, Ramin Hamidi Frahani4, Mohammad Hassan Kazemi5
...nd N-acetylcysteine, two drugs that have previously been shown to protect the liver with their antioxidant properties, may reduce the hepatic toxicity induced by Remdesivir. Given that few studies have been performed on the role of oral melatonin and N-acetylcysteine on reducing the hepatic adverse effects of Remdesivir, we decided to conduct this clinical trial study. In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial study, 70 patients with Covid-19 in Besat Ho...
Dalia Zaafar1*, Heba M.A Khalil2, Soha Hassanin3, Mohamed R. Mousa4, Mona G. Khalil1
...g for newly repositioned drugs that can either inhibit cancer proliferation or promote cancer cell apoptosis. Methods: This study examined the effectiveness of pioglitazone (Pio) against mice bearing Ehrlich solid carcinoma in terms of its ability to inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Six groups were created using sixty male mice after the Ehrlich inoculation tumor growth was confirmed: control, Cis (5 ml/kg), Pio low dose (LD) (17.5 mg/kg), Pio high...
Waheed Khan1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2, Bakhtawar Khan1*, Aftab Amin3, Muhsin Ali4, Awais Farid, Ali Hazrat5 and Muhammad Yahya5
...isting diabetes mellitus drugs have many adverse reactions. Therefore, it is needed to investigate novel methods to improve DM treatment. Thus plant-based management could be a possible antidiabetic strategy. The objective of the most recent study was to assess Verbascum thapsus’s ability to combat hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg kg-1, b.w.) to cause diabetes. There were five groups of mice (n=...
Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga
...nd indiscriminate use of drugs.
...
...
Umara Amir ud Din1, Waqas Ahmed Khan1*, Khurrum Shahzad1,2, Basharat Ali3, Misbah Hussain1,4 and Fazli Rabbi Awan4
...et for anti-hypertensive drugs. ACE (I/D) polymorphism studies for its association with kidney function and risks of DN have been reported in different populations but with varying results. Hence, the objective of current study was to study the association of ACE (I/D) polymorphism with risk of DN in Pakistani subjects. For this study, 702 subjects were recruited who were divided into three groups; healthy control (n=222), diabetics without nephropathy (n=230)...
Altaf Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2*, Ali Hazrat3, Awais Farid4, Muhammad Yahya3* and Inam Ullah5
...d be used to develop new drugs. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the methanolic extract of Corylus jacquemontii for phytochemical, antibacterial, antioxidant potential. The methanolic fraction of C. jacquemontii was evaluated for quantitative phytochemical constituents. The antibacterial efficacy was investigated via well diffusion method by using a concentration of 100 µg/ml. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of extract was est...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Amina Arif1 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2*
...or nilotinib therapeutic drugs. Fresh venous blood sample (10 mL) of 170 CML diagnosed patients and 10 healthy individuals was collected in heparin vial from oncology department, Mayo hospital and Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Biochemical profiling of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGE’s) and micronutri...
Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2
...">Now a day a variety of drugs are on use for providing anesthesia in animals. Small ruminants, due to their anatomy and physiology, are not suitable for many of the anesthetic drugs. With strict consideration, some drugs are commonly used in these animals. Anesthetic drugs classified based on their action and efficacy. The commonly used local anesthetic...
Salma Jameel Askar
...roidal anti-inflammatory drugs, suppression of cyclooxygenase (COX-1) activity by these drugs has been associated with substantial side effects, beetroots act as a medicinal herb in the treatment of hematological disorders, and act as antioxidant. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sub-chronic exposure to meloxicam, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on hematological alterations and liver functions paramet...
Zhipeng Song1,2, Jialiang Xin1,3, Xiaoli Wei1,2, Abula Zulipiya1,3, Kadier Kedireya1,2 and Xinmin Mao1,3*
...re given the appropriate drugs by gavage. Tissue material was taken after 12 weeks. Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of retinal tissue. Cell apoptosis was analysed by TUNEL staining. The expression of retinal proteins was detected by tissue immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA level of VEGF was detected by RT-qPCR. In the in vitro experiments, cell viability was detected by CCK-8 reagent...
ZAMARA MASOOD1, FAROOQ SALEEM1, SARFRAZ AHMAD2, TALHA JAMSHAID3, IMRAN WAHEED4,
MUHAMMAD AZEEM1, UMAR FAROOQ GOHAR5 & HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ARSALAN6, 7*
...romising source of novel drugs.
...
Ahmed Al-Hasnawi*, Wafaa Kadhim Jasim
... on by immunosuppressive drugs such azathioprine differs from the positive results attained by giving male rats (aloe vera extract) and lowering the toxicity.
Keywords | Azathioprine, Aloe vera, Hematological, Liver’s function enzymes, Histopathological, Male rats
...
Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin*, Pal Dipa Rani, Ferdous Jannatul
...ammatory, antihistaminic drugs were commonly used as supportive treatment for the disease. Lumpy Skin Disease causes higher morbidity and heavy economic losses in recent years which may be reduced substantially by vaccination, proper surveillance and monitoring, restricted movement of infected and exposed animals. ...
Jasir Hakim Hidayah1,2, Yos Adi Prakoso2, Sitarina Widyarini3*
... effects of antiplatelet drugs against stroke, such as using herbs, including calabash (Crescentia cujete L.). This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of calabash fruit against histopathology of the brain in a mouse model with artificially induced ischemic stroke. As many as fifty – rat models were used in this study. The rats were separated into P1 (sham-operated), P2 (ischemic stroke model (IS)), P3 (IS + 0.74 mg/kg BW of calabash), P4 (IS + 1.48...
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Tariq Usman4, Bilques Bano5, Nazia Rubab6, Syed Tasadak Mehdi7, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal8, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar9, Hira Hameed10
...dica and other synthetic drugs comparatively compare and to justify the said seed consumption as an anthelmintic by the customary therapists of animals in South-Asia. Crude aqueous extract (CAE) from seeds of A. indica at the dosage of 2 g/kg of body weight, levamisole HCL at the dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg and 3.0% oxyclozanide BP (vet), 1.5 levamisole hydrochloride BP (vet) and 0.382% cobalt sulphate in combination were administered orally to the cattle nat...
Elkalamawyl, I.M.; Elhddadl, S.; Swelim2, M.A.; Hamdy2, S.M. and Fahmy3, Hanan A.•
..., which will require new drugs, vaccines, and treatment strategies, will become the next major challenge on the path to eventual elimination of HBV infection. Keywords: HBsAg, PCR, Sequencing, Phylogenetic....
Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui1,2*, Shabana Usman Simjee2,3, Nurul Kabir4, Muhammad Ateeq3,5, Kevin Joseph Jerome Borges6, Muhammad Raza Shah3 and Rahman M. Hafizur2
...an result from ischemia, drugs, renal obstruction, inflammation, or extensive muscle injury. The current study focused only on Rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. We make an attempt to uncover the preventive efficacy of cinnamic acid (CA) and CA-conjugated gold nanoparticles (CA-AuNPs) against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI induced in mice. CA (50 mg/Kg) and CA-AuNPs (30 mg/Kg) were given to the animals for four days. On the fourth day and after 24 h of water deprivation,...
Muhammad Akram1, Anirban Mandal2*, Mehwish Iqbal3, Arindam Mukherjee4, Ritika Bandyopadhyay5, Surendar Rangasamy6, Rida Zainab1, Muhammad Talha Khalil1, Pragnesh Parmar7 and Umme Laila1
...s are useful as food and drugs to human beings. People are becoming progressively conscious of complications with the abuse and over prescription of conventional antibiotics. Plant extracts can be good alternative in day-to-day illness instead of antibiotics misuse. Complementary and alternative medicines are good option for treatment of routine ailments. Complexes and constituents with antiviral activity exists in numerous plants, for instance, rutin, a flavo...
Sudip Kumar Sharma1, Al-Nur Md. Iftekhar Rahman1,2, Mahfuzul Islam1,3*
...ases in pet dogs and the drugs used for the treatment of them. ...
Lijuan Liu1, Jinghang Chen2*, Min Wang3 and Wei Li4
...personalized modified prodrugs can achieve drug release in alveolar macrophages. It is possible to produce physicochemical qualities suited for inhalation administration while reducing medication toxicity. Overall, using prodrug technology may be able to meet the different needs of inhaled drug development and give ideas for how to make new inhaled drugs....
MUHAMMAD MANSHA1, MAIRA HAFEEZ1, QAMAR ALI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1, MUHAMMAD TARIQ1 & ATIF YAQUB2
... explored to develop new drugs against microorganisms, resistant to presently available anti-microbials. In the present study, 13 hydrazone derivatives were screened in vitro for their biological activity against microorganisms by employing agar well diffusion method. The microbes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were cultured on agar plates. Wells in agar plates were loaded with 50 μl of 0.02 μg/ml and 0.04 μg/ml of hydra...
SHAHZADA NADEEM ABBAS1, KIRAN JAMSHED1, SARAH BUSHRA NASIR2,
SAMAN SHAHID3 & NASIR MAHMOOD4
...nts are needed to combat drugs resistance in microorganisms. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa and Ficus carica seeds were used against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and Fungi (Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporium and Microsporum canis) to check their antimicrobial activities. For antibacterial assays, the volume and concentrations of extracts used were 0.5 μl (62.5 μg), 1 μl (125 μg), 5 μl (625 μg...
Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3
...amoxicillin @2mg/Kg. All drugs were administered orally in different forms, i.e., tablet, capsule, or suspension as per the availability. Five clinical biomarkers including fever, anorexia, arthritis, lameness, and lymphadenopathy were used to declare the status of the disease at days zero, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th. Serum samples were also collected on the same days for determining C-reactive protein (CRP) values. The results of clinical biomarkers showed tha...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
...reat MS, where synthetic drugs are the most frequently used but they do not cure the disease. Secondly, the stem cell therapy but this too has limited success in treating MS in humans. The thirds technique involving administering hormones has been found to be most effective method but this too have some significant side effects. Alternatively, natural products can potentially serve as an affordable and effective substitute for the treatment of MS with minimum ...
