Aqila Shaheen and Mehwish Matien
...griculture. Soil organic carbon of three land uses viz. forest land, grassland, and cultivated land were quantified. These land uses belonged to two soil groups having different soil type and climate. Selected soil groups were Inceptisols (site 1) and Mollisols (site 2). Soil samples were analyzed for bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), extractable potassium (K) and p...
Muhammad Imran*, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq Nasir, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Nasir and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh
... wood, cardboard and polycarbonate materials on three developmental stages i.e., colony initiation, development and maturation stages under controlled laboratory conditions. Queen oviposition rate was 1.4-fold higher in polycarbonate box compared to wooden and cardboard materials. Early start of egg-laying (first oviposition period) and earlier emergence of first worker were found in polycarbon
Sanaullah Jalil*, Asim Hayat, Abid Majeed, Syed Haider Abbas, Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Imran Kasana and Muhammad Mazhar Hussain
..., high pH level and soil carbonate contents further limit the utilization of P by plants. This research was conducted during wheat cropping season of year 2010 and 2011 and it consisted of determination of the residual effect of six treatments (T0 = control without rock phosphate & farmyard manure, T1= rock phosphate @150 kg P2O5 per hectare, T2 = FYM @5 tons per hectare, T3 = RP @100 kg P2O5 per hectare+ FYM @5 tons per hectare, E0 = without effective mic...
A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde
Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...ospheric temperature and carbon dioxide differ from one region to the other. The latest assessment report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts an increment in mean atmospheric temperature from 1.1 to 6.4°C toward the year 2100 with equally increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Such climatic changes could profoundly affect insect’s population on essential crops. This study was co...
Fawad Ali1*, Hidayat Ullah2, Ikhtiar Khan1
...nd Zn through ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminpenta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) showed significant differences between the two studied localities. Linear regression analysis indicates that concentration of the heavy metal (Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn) in vegetables are significantly correlated at R2 value of 0.956 at P≤0.001 with their extractable concentration in soil. Health risk index (HRI) has been found>1 for Pb in Abelmoschus esculentus while rest of the he...
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1
...e land was collected and carbon pool was estimated by Wet Combustion and Dry Combustion method.Four transect lines were drawn in each experimental plot. Twenty four samples of each experimental plot were collected with the help of ADC one m 2 quadrate methods, weighed and then oven dried at 60 oC to find out the dry weight for above pytomass carbon Mg C ha-1 (Brown and Lugo, 1982). Similarly,...
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir*
...olyte by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on the performance of broilers. Experiment was conducted in two phases. In first phase (0-4 weeks), six broiler starter rations were formulated; a ration without NaHCO3 was served as control whereas other five rations had 0.15-0.73% NaHCO3 in the rations. In this way six dietary treatments resulted in dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and sodium levels of 245, 262, 279, 297, 314, 331 ...
Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...ted eucalyptus leaves as carbon source and 2% v/v inoculum size in submerged fermentation for 24h. Results showed that among these two treatments, only chemical treated substrates gave better enzyme yield as compared to chemical followed by steam. The highest FPase (2.526 IU/ml/min) activity was found at pretreatment conditions of 0.6% NaOH conc., 10% biomass loading and 4h reaction time while CMCase (2.803 IU/ml/min) at 1% NaOH conc., 15% biomass loading and ...
Gamalat Osman1, Mansour Galal1, Abbas Abul-Ezz2, Ahmad Mohammed1, Mohammed Abul-Ela3 and Asmaa Mostafa Hegazy2
...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the flesh demonstrated that PAHs accumulation in the treated snails was fluctuated with time. The accumulation is due to their biotransformation process during metabolism. The histopathological observations of the gills and mantle of L. carinatus showed pronounced alterations at 24 hours and proliferated at the day 15 but showed a further decline at the day 30 of exposure. These findings seem to be time related and we...
Soraya Khosravian Dehordi*, Abdolnaser Mohebbi and Kahin Shahanipour
...) given to rates.Protein carbonyls (PC) andthiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS),superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) values in spleen were measured. An increase in TBARS and PC levels was obtained in rats' spleen of the Cd-group than controls and nano-Se decreased this effect close to the control. The CAT values of all groups did not differ significantly. The values of SOD and GPx were reduced in splenic tissue ...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...d fat. Regular intake of carbonated beverages, packaged juices and tea by the participants was associated with poor anthropometric measurements. Contrary to the study hypothesis, increased compliance to GFD and other demographic and dietary factors were not found to be associated with improved nutritional status of the study participants. Results of the present study clearly indicated that the nutritional status of celiac patients could not be predicted exclus...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...i> pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, total hardness, calcium, magnesium and total ammonia were monitored on daily basis. Significantly increased peroxidase activity was observed in gills and liver of Labeo rohita after exposure to PbCl2 due to all doses as compared to the control. All results were statistically significant at p<0.05. Fish liver exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher activity of enzyme than that of gills. The...
Umair Riaz*1, Zafar Abbas1, Qamar uz Zaman2, Muhammad Mubashir1, Mahwish Jabeen2, Syed Ali Zulqadar1, Zeenat Javeed1, Saeed-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Muhammad Javid Qamar1
...o (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), sulfates (SO4-), carbonates (CO3-), bicarbonates (HCO3-), sodium (Na+), and chloride(Cl-). Results showed that 52.78% samples were unfit and 34.37% samples were considered as fit for irrigation. The interes...
Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz** and Mushtaq A. Saleem***
TOXICITIES OF AZADIRACHTIN AND POLYCHLORINATED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON AGAINST RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ADULTS
...lorinated petroleum hydrocarbon (Tenekil 100 EC). The LC values of these insecticides were worked out as 12830 and 50 9331 ppm for azadirachtin and 5148 and 4047 ppm for Tenekil 100 EC against PAK and FSS-II strains, respectively. The results revealed that polychlorinated petroleum hydrocarbon was more toxic than the azadirachtin. Furthermore, both the insecticides were equally toxic to the adult beetles of T. castaneum as t...
Mohammad Umar Farooq* , Sarfraz Ahmad ** , Mohammad Islam and Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar ***
ASSESSING THE STATUS OF CARBON POOL IN TWO RANGELAND GRASSES ( ) IN POTHWAR, REGION, PAKISTAN
...rasses was collected and carbon pool was estimated by Wet Combustion and Dry Combustion method. Four transect lines were drawn in each experimental plot. Twenty four samples of each experimental plot were collected with the help of ADC one m quadrat method, weighed and then oven dried at 60 C to find out the dry weight for above phytomass carbon Mg C ha . Similarly, the one m quadrats were dig out up to the root level for ea...
Aqsa Gulzar1, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2 and Asma Anjum3
...l]-N-[4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)phenyl]acetamide with 3-nitro and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was done by using various spectroscopic techniques namely FTIR, proton and carbon-13 NMR, Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The results were in great consistency with the structures of the synthesized compounds and confirmed the formation of the targeted compounds. It was found that t...
Ali Muhammad*, Yasser Durrani, Majid Suhail Hashmi, Ihsan Mabood Qazi, Muhammad Ayub and Saifullah
Tahira Jamil*1, Mohammad Asghar1, Fatma Husain1, Haq Nawaz Bhatti2
...in production. Effect of carbon and nitrogen supplementation was investigated due to their restrictive ingredients role. Best yield (49.3±15 mg/g) was achieved by P. spodoecus using lactose (Carbon source) and NaNO3 (Nitrogen source) under pre-optimize circumstances. Different C/N ratios were used to obtain the optimal ratio. Best statin production was attained at 25:1 C/N ratio that was 65.7 ...
Hareem Mohsin, Azka Asif*, Warda Fatima, Sarooj Nadeem, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Assessment of biocalcification by the water absorption test using microorganism from oil contaminated site
...tective layer of calcium carbonate on the cement based structures or buildings. In the present study, the biocalcification capacity of Bacillus pasteurii was studied on the cement samples. The cement samples were treated with urea and calcium salt (calcium carbonate) that act as a source of calcium along with the microorganism under optimum culture conditions. Alkaline conditions produced by the activity of the enzyme urease...
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Zahid Hussain3, Amir Sohail4, Syed Shahid Ali4*
Extracellular lipase production from Bacillus subtilis using agro-industrial waste and fruit peels
...water melon and melon as carbon source, was 27.17, 21.37, 10.57 and 8.43 U/ml, respectively. The corn cob produced 12.27 U/ml while waste oils of various industries produced 16.17 U/ml (Shan oil), 13.67 U/ml (automobile), 13.37 U/ml (unbranded waste cooking oil) and 6.03 U/ml (Sitara oil) of enzyme activity when used as substrate for lipase production. It is concluded that among the agro-industrial wastes, fruit peels and waste oil samples used in this study, ...
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Tehseen Zamir3, Zahid Hussain1, Syed Shahid Ali4*
...rd oil cake and the best carbon sources were fructose and maltose whereas yeast extract was found to be the best nitrogen source, showing 55U/mL enzyme activity. The best inoculum size for the growth of this strain was 4-5%. Optimum pH was 8 and best temperature was 40oC for the reported strain. Addition of divalent Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions resulted in 2-fold increase in enzyme activity while SDS completely inhibit the lipase activit...
Babar Tasim1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Arif2, Ata Ullah1, Ghazal Miraj3 and Muhammad Samiullah4
...n efficient material for carbon sequestration and soil fertility. For its suitable application, it is important to know its chemical and physical properties which depend on the type of the initial material used. Agricultural residues of different types (e.g., Sesbania stems (Sesbania punicea, SS), Chickpea plant (Cicer arietinum, CP), Maize cobs (Zea Mays, MC), Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (BG) and Animal dung ...
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Muhammad Zubair Saleem2, Shaukat Ali3,*, Khawaja Khurshid Anwar1, Muhammad Majid Bashir1, Muhammad Babar4 and Muhammad Adeeb Khan1
...ate the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on the liver of Balb C mice and also to investigate the protective effect of Vitamin E pre-treatment on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Study included the estimation of the activities of the enzymes such as ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and biochemical components like glucose, ...
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
...subsurface in which hydrocarbons are found as a main environmental pollutant. Present study is focused on production of biosurfactants from indigenous bacteria, isolated from produced water and produced water contaminated soil samples collected from three selected sites of Eastern Potwar, Punjab, Pakistan. Forty seven bacteria were isolated out of which five (F1, F3, F20, F23 and C16) were selected on the basis of high optical densities of 0.7, 70% oil and gre...
Umar Farooq Gohar1, Hamid Mukhtar1,*, Ali Nawaz1, Ikram-ul-Haq1 and Asad Mehmmood2
...hyl oleate, 1.6; calcium carbonate, 0.3 and ammonium sulphate, 0.1. The cultural conditions such as incubation temperature (30°C), pH (6.5) and inoculum size and age (2%, w/v, 48 h) were optimized. The maximum cephalosporin production was achieved after 144 h of incubation. The dry mycelial mass was found to be 39.46 mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion method. Cephalosporin production was estimated by using spectrophotometric t...
Saleha Gul1,2, Muhammad Khisroon2, Ajmal Khan2, Attaullah1, Saira Gul3 and Gul Nabi Khan1,4,*
...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines cause the production of DNA adducts and leading to lung cancer. However, the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on other tissues are largely unknown. We explored the genotoxic effects of tobacco smoke on peripheral lymphocytes of active and passive smokers. Blood samples were isolated from 100 males’ including 25 active-, 25 passive- and 50 non-smokers. Alkaline comet assay was done and classes were defin...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub2, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Sehrish Firyal1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
...B medium with additional carbon and nitrogen sources was also analyzed for maximal production of recombinant protein. Higher level enzyme activity was recorded at 25°C, pH 7.0 when the cells were induced with 0.5 mM IPTG with 22h post induction incubation. Supplementation of LB medium with 1% glucose and yeast extract enhanced the production of recombinant thermostable cellulase. Enzyme showed strong potential for its use in paper and poultry feed i...
Sun Hong1, Zhang Yifeng1, Wang Baishi2, Li Yangwei1, Xu Wenbo1, Mao Runkun1 and Wang Zhenglong1,*
...ygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and the temperature and humidity in the underground burrows of mandarin voles in Xinzheng, Henan Province, China during the spring and summer of 2015. Our results show that 1) the depth and complexity of the burrow were higher during summer than during spring; 2) maximal CO2 levels (2.55%) and minimal O2 levels (16.04%) were recorded in the underground burrows during ...
Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Amina Rahat1, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Saleem Khan3
...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in different types of marinated meat, such as beef, chicken, mutton and fish, and different grilling techniques were applied to see their effectiveness in lowering the levels of these toxicants. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and heavy metals refer to a large group of chemicals that may be present in the environment as pollutants and can enter the food chain and might be ca...
Abdur Rauf Nizami*
...amana Suk Formation is a carbonate sequence of the Middle Jurassic age and is widely distributed in the Upper Indus Basin, northern Pakistan. This formation belongs to the Baroch Group and is mainly comprised of limestones, which were thought to be a prospective fossils archive. The Samana Suk Formation with a primary thickness of 43.27m is exposed at the Chichali Gorge Section. A total of 108 limestone rock samples were collected from 51 beds. The formation w...
Kamran Aziz1*, Aamir Saleem1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2
...pectively. The amount of carbon is greater in Pinus wallichiana as compared with C. deodara while the other nutrients i.e. N; P and K are greater in Cedrus deodara. It was concluded that Pinus wallichiana is better in litter fall, decay rate and in carbon and phosphorus composition. ...
Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1
... respectively. Amonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractable soil Fe after < 2, 2-5, 5-10 mm particles size treatments and the control was 2.48, 2.06, 1.99 and 1.81 mg kg-1, Zn was 0.41, 0.36, 0.33 and 0.31 mg kg-1, Mn was 1.23, 1.05, 1.02 and 0.89 mg kg-1, and Cu was 0.51, 0.38, 0.37 and 0.26 mg kg-1, respectively. Bizote-N and Rhizogold treatments OM (1.5 and 1.48%) showed 3 and 0.7% increase over the control (1.47%), ...
Azeem Haider1, Muhammad Mohsin Alam2*, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3
...lask studies contained a carbon (glucose 4%), nitrogen (0.5% ammonium chloride), inoculation level (three disks, 0.5 cm in diameter), temperature (30 °C), incubation period (at 7 days) and initial pH 5.0. Under these culture conditions, the maximum level of xylanase activity (9.29 Uml-1), CMCase (7.37 Uml-1), laccase (13.57 Uml-1) and effluent decolorization (69.68 %) were observed on 7th day during shake flask studies....
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Mubashar Raza, Waqas Raza*, Misbah Iqbal Qamar
...ferent compost including carbon rich compost, nitrogen rich compost and nutrient enriched compost. The species of Trichoderma includes T. harzianum and T. asperellum isolated from rhizosphere of tomato from different localities of district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan which were recognized morphologically. Three isolates of T. harzianum HM, HK, HC and one isolate of T. asperellum TH were evaluated in dual culture assays and in pots amended with different compost...
Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4
...es such as total organic carbon (TOC), infiltration rates, soil water contents (SWC), soil reaction (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), soil bulk density, total soil porosity, soil temperature, crop biomass and crop yield. The results revealed that TOC under ZT (0.57%) was increased significantly. EC of ZT (0.314 ds m-1) was decreased numerically, but pH was not affected by tillage treatments. No significant difference regarding SWC, soil temperature, infiltra...
Muhammad Suleman1,*, Abu ul Hassan Faiz2, Muhammad Shahbaz2 and Ayesha Riaz3
...rations of wheat bran as carbon source (2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 %) on the production of xylanase. Submerged fermentation was carried out in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using vogel’s medium at 35°C for five days. UV irradiated A. niger has significantly increased the xylanase production as compared to parent strains. Twenty minutes exposure of A. niger was considered suitable for the production of xylanase. Wheat bran concentration (3.5%) was con...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
...sters and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Methyl-(7Z)-7-hexadecenoate, methyl-(9E)-octadecenoate and methyl tetracosanoate were found to be the principal fatty acid esters, while E-pentatriacont-17-ene and 2,4-dimethylpentane were identified as predominant aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. The propolis extract has exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against certain strains of bacteria and yeasts. In general, significant antim...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
...ic matter, total organic carbon contents and with pH, bulk density, temperature and moisture contents of the soil.
...
Abdul Majeed1*, Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq2, Abid Niaz3, Abid Mahmood4, Naeem Ahmad1 and Hafiz Muhammad Walyat Ali Khan1
...ifferent residual sodium carbonate (RSC), electrical conductivity (EC), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). A substantial decrease in plant photosynthetic rate, and potassium contents were noted in all varieties under salt stress. Varieties i.e. V07096 and V05082 showed higher rate of photosynthesis and potassium contents than V05003 and V07194. The salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes, V07096 and V05003, respectively were then grown in soil medium. Lower...
Tanzeela Riaz, Fiza Sana-Ullah Khan, Farah Rauf Shakoori
...entration. Among various carbon sources tested guar gum was the best producer of enzyme. Under these optimized conditions for each isolate, the best producers MBL-SP02, MBL-CW01 and MBL-GN02 produced maximum mannanase 22.07, 18.28 and 23.63 U/ml, respectively. MBL-GN02 showed maximum mannanase production and MBL-CW01 showed minimum mannanase production at optimized conditions of production.
...
Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf2, Saeed Gulzar2 and Muhammad Akmal2
...above ground biomass and carbon stocks in subtropical pine forests of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and other areas which represent similar ecological conditions. ...
Derya Kocamaz* and Elif Oruc
...thione (GSH) and protein carbonil (PCO) increased in comparison to the control. After the recovery period, EROD, GST, malondialdehyde, estradiol/testosterone levels were found to be lower than the control. In the pesticide mixture group, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was highest and the level of hormones was lowered. The group of the mixture pesticide showed the highest lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation than...
Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem
...ontent, soil pH, organic carbon and exchangeable bases between the bulk soil and the rhizosphere. The highest value of saloid bound P (7.77 mg/kg) was found within the bean root zone while the highest value of phosphorus bound to Al (Al - P) (13.27 mg/kg) was found in okra root zone. Highest value of occluded – phosphorus (46.07 mg/kg), Fe -Al–P (40.62 mg/kg) and Ca-P (6.77 mg/kg) were recorded in groundnut root zones. Significant relation occurred...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Khurram Shehzad2, Muhammad Luqman3 and
Sher Muhammad Shahzad2
...matter and total organic carbon contents, while had a significant negative correlation with soil bulk density. Conclusively, this study demonstrates the differential impact of land-use, season and soil conditions on the population abundance of edaphic microarthropods suggesting their suitability to be used as bioindicators of prevailing soil status.
...
Hui-Ying Chen1,2*, Ping-Chuan Yin1,2, Ya-Nan Lu1,2, Hai-Yun Li1,2*and Yang Shan3
...metabolite biosynthesis, carbon metabolism and antibiotic effects. The results revealed that the substance exhibited abundant biosynthesis and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Subsequently, the following top 10 hub genes were identified to the PPI network: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit β, ribosomal 60S subunit protein (RPL) 8A, RPL9A, RPL6B, ribosomal 40S subunit protein (RPS) 9B, RPL31B, RPL27B, RPS14B, RPL22B and RPL22A. In conclusion, the DEGs ...
Biomass Allometric Equations of Naturally Growing Cedrus deodara in Dry Temperate Forests Ecosystems
Abdul Raqeeb1,3, Syed Moazzam Nizami2,4*, Aamir Saleem3, Lubna Ansari3, Saeed Gulzar3, Basit Ali3, Masooma Saleem5
...below ground biomass and carbon sequestration databases to support the verification and development of greenhouse gas inventories under land use, land use change forestry (LULUCF). In this regard, empirical data of particular species for a specific forest ecosystem is of utmost importance. In the present study volume and biomass allometric of naturally growing Cedrus deodara tree in dry temperate regions of Himalaya has been developed from the empirical data c...
Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1, Sajjad Hussain2, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif3, Muhammad Zubair1, Muhammad Abdullah Jamil1 and Faheem Khadija1
...culata Blanco). Sodium bicarbonate and Potassium sorbate incorporated (6% w/v concentration) in wax were used to compare with commercially used fungicide (Thiabendazole). Study was conducted at 4±1 C° with 90±05% relative humidity for 60 days followed by one week of storage at ambient conditions. Least decay incidence 1.2% and 1.8% respectively in Kinnow and Willow leaf was observed in fruit treated with fungicide in wax followed by fruit tre...
S. Ahmed† , L. Yue, Q. Liu and H. Jian
Evaluation of media for mass production and fermentation of Pseudomonas spp. for integrated management of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae)
...vestigation of different carbon and nitrogen sources in various types of media compositions was made to optimize the fermentation and mass production of Pseuodomonas spp. Among all the media compositions, the suitable media containing carbon and nitrogen sources were found as media No.9 (Corn flour 50g/L, Glucose 8g/L, Soybean Cake Powder 20g/L, Wheat bran 20g/L, NaCl 4g/L) followed by No.10 (Corn flour 40g/L, Soybean Cake P...
Ahmad Hussain1*, Syed Murtuza Mehdi2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Adeel3, Mohammed Hassan Jabal4, Farid Nasir Ani4
INVESTIGATION THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTOR OIL WITH MINERAL OIL BLENDS
...e potential for reducing carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emission, when used in
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes are investigated through the well known four ball ...
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes are investigated through the well known four ball ...
Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
... penetration give abated carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and
smoke emissions along with better performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and
brake power (BP), while exhibit slightly higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) relative to other combinations. Moreover,
the same combination also proves to be effective on emission control at 8 mode steady-state cycle....
smoke emissions along with better performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and
brake power (BP), while exhibit slightly higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) relative to other combinations. Moreover,
the same combination also proves to be effective on emission control at 8 mode steady-state cycle....
Rafiullah Khan1, Sakhi Jan1*, Muhammad Amjad1, Saeed Badshah1, Sajjad Ahmad1
CRACK CLOSURE AND FIBRE BRIDGING CONTRIBUTION IN THE STRESS-RATIO EFFECT ON DELAMINATION GROWTH UNDER FATIGUE
...I delamination growth in carbon/epoxy composite laminates. The crack closure effect
has been assessed by the identification of the non-linearity in the compliance curve of the double cantilever test
specimen after the delamination extension. The effect of fibre bridging was investigated by cutting the bridging fibres
during fatigue delamination. The fatigue test data was process using fracture mechanics principles. The delamination
...
has been assessed by the identification of the non-linearity in the compliance curve of the double cantilever test
specimen after the delamination extension. The effect of fibre bridging was investigated by cutting the bridging fibres
during fatigue delamination. The fatigue test data was process using fracture mechanics principles. The delamination
...
Faisal Shabbir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION OF USING PAPER INDUSTRY WASTE (HYPO SLUDGE) IN CONCRETE MIX
...f the major producers of carbon dioxide gas (a greenhouse gas) and ordinary concrete
contains about 12% cement. The world’s annual production of cement is 1.6 billion tons which accounts for about
7% emission of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere. Concrete industry is consuming large amount of natural resources
(gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues relate...
contains about 12% cement. The world’s annual production of cement is 1.6 billion tons which accounts for about
7% emission of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere. Concrete industry is consuming large amount of natural resources
(gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues relate...
Wisal Shah*, Muhammad Nafees**, Muhammad Iqbal***
EVALUATION OF MARBLE SLURRY WASTE FOR PREPARATION OF COMMERCIAL GRADE CEMENT
...ares it with the calcium carbonate used in the cement industry by analyzing it for physical and chemical
characteristics. Cement was made in the laboratory according to standard formulation. Commercial brand available
in the market was used as control for product comparison. Physical and chemical properties of both cements and
mechanical properties...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Atal Khattak*
DEVELOPMENT OF A POWER MANAGEMENT CIRCUIT FOR MICROENERGY HARVESTERS
...e circuit are resistors (carbon film), capacitors (electrolytic), inductors (ferric
bead, axial leaded), and a DC voltage regulators (TPS62100DRC-BRR). The layout of the circuit is patterned on
a printed circuit board (PCB) using PCB fabrication technology. To the circuit three different types of sources (DC
power source, rectified AC voltage and a solar energy harvester) are connected and the output regulated voltage
...
Nisar Mohammad*, Mohammad Mansoor Khan* Noor Mohammad*
CHARACTERIZATION OF TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES, DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...done for low-grade talc- carbonate rock of Mingora emerald mines located in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. These rocks host
Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭
EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...beneficiation studies of carbonatic talcose rock of Mingora emerald mine located in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan were conducted to recover high quality talc out of the talc carbonate rock and to develop a technique for up gradation of indigenous noncommercial talc resources from other locations. These rocks host emerald crystals and the debris are dumped after excavation and extraction of emerald crystals...
Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2
Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
... environmental friendly, carbon smart and an economical approach to get maximum output in existing agricultural production systems. Unselective use of organic manures is often used in the agriculture to improve soil health but it cannot significantly increase yield. Application of organic and inorganic source of nutrients can uplift the economics of existing cotton based production systems by improving soil health and reducing the cost of inorganic nutrients p...
Sikandar Bilal Khattak1*, and Iftikhar Hussain1
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT CONSCIENCE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN USING SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO
..., it is a source of carbon emissions and solid waste as well. The positive impact is more of a community or region based, whereas its contribution to climate change has a global spread. For years, environment-friendly construction, green buildings, lean construction, and sustainable construction has been portrayed as a possible alternative. However, the success factors for environment conscience construction differs in different regions. Id...
Arshad Ali1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2
TREATMENT FEASIBILITY OF THE BLEACHING EFFLUENT OBTAINED FROM NSSC PULP AND PAPER MILL IN A UASB REACTOR
... along with an activated carbon of effective size 1.5-2.5mm was added to the reactor R-I to evaluate its efficiency. It was observed that corresponding to an OLR of 2.14kg-COD/m3-day the overall COD removal efficiency of the reactors R-I and R-II was 83% and 64%, respectively. And the AOX removal efficiency was noticed as 71% and 49% for reactor R-I and R-II, respectively. During the study it was observed that the treatability efficiency of...
Muhammad Shaheen*, Muhammad Shahbaz*, Zahoor ur Rehman* and Sajid Mehmood*
A METHOD OF DATA MINING FOR SUSTAINABLE HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION
.... In Pakistan, hydrocarbons are considered to be one of the major sources of energy. The contribution of hydrocarbon to overall development will be considered sustainable only if the hydrocarbon exploration rate will conform to its consumption rate. To ensure sustainable energy development, sustainability indicators had been agreed by world experts in a summit held in S...
Magbolah Salem Helal Alzahrani
...r, in rats injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a known hepatotoxin. Thirty-six male albino rats were treated with subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in paraffin oil 50% V/V (2ml/kg b. wt.) twice a week for 2 weeks to induce chronic liver damage. After injection of CCl4, blood samples were obtained using the retro-orbital method to confirm liver damage and estimate liver function. Rats given CCl4 prior to feeding <...
Tehmina Aslam, Shagufta Saeed*, Muhammed Tayyab, Huma Mujahid, Ali Raza Awan, Sehrish Firyal and AbuSaeed Hashmi
...ptimization of different carbon sources and various physical parameters was also performed. Highest yield of PHB was obtained by fermentation of 4% (w/v) wheat bran after 48 h of incubation with 4% (v/v) inoculum volume at pH 7.0 and 37oC. Among different nitrogen sources tested, 0.2% peptone gave the better yield (285 mg/100 mL), while yeast extract decreased the amount of PHB. The outcomes of the present data indicate that agricultural wastes can ...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
...etry (GC-MS), proton and carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR and 13C NMR) Spectroscopy analysis. Effect of application of plant phytochemicals on the planted maize was also examined in terms of growth rate and survival of Pratylenchus spp. The essential oil (ECSG/EO) exhibited significant (p<0.05) toxicity, reduced nematode population and increased grain yield (6.79 kg) compared to the standard, carbofuran (CBFN) (7.18 kg) The Eucalyptus globulus e...
Asma Rashid Tariq1,2*, Saadia R. Tariq2, Tariq Mahmud1 and Misbah Sultan1*
Selective Capture of CO2 from Mixture of Different Gases using Cellulose Acetate, Polyimide, Polysulfone and some other Polymers based Mixed Matrix Membranes: A Review
..., methane and other hydrocarbons but mixed matrix membrane based separation is gaining significant importance day by day. A number of different polymers have been employed for the fabrication of mixed matrix membranes for example cellulose acetate, polyimides, polysulfone, pebax, polybenzimidazole, polymer of intrinsic porosity, polyurethane, chitosan and many more. Likewise, along with other fillers, Metal organic frame works have also been tested as additive...
Shahid Hussain Abro1*, Mohammed N. Alghamdi2, Muhammad Sohail Hanif3, Hazim Moria2 andHamza Suharwardi1
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,2*
...ocess for moving organic carbon source from the up-ward to down-ward in the ocean. Marine snow associated bacterial communities perform a crucial role in organic material degradation by producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and are considered as key components in global carbon cycle. The aim of this study was to screen marine snow associated bacterium, Citrobacter f...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Ayesha Iqbal1 and Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,3
...able isotope analyses of carbon and oxygen of tooth enamel carbonate. A gradual increase in hypsodonty and complexity in plications indicate the drier environments with hard and tough food available during the late Miocene. The late Miocene hipparionines were expected to have inhabited a mosaic of woodland and grassland with predominant C3 vegetation which latter shifted to C3/C4 grasses. For...
Sheza Shehzadi1, Mohammad Umar Farooq2*, Rukhsana Kausar1, Ijaz Ali1*, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Maqbool Shahbaz4
... capacity (CC) kg/ha and carbon stock (CS) kg C /ha after interval of 21, 45 and 60 days along with the proximate analysis including protein content, crude fiber, ether extract, and total digestible nutrients. Significant results were obtained by applying ANOVA test on the data retrieved. All three factors (BP, CC and CS) showed maximum results after 60 days of growth. The result indicated that after the 60 days interval the animal unit per month gave the maxi...
Yuanyuan Zhang1*, Liping Song1, Hui Guo2, Jun Wu1, Xiaoli Wang1 and Fangbin Yao1
...ects of curcumin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in common carp Cyprinus carpio. A 10-week feeding trial was carried out. A basal feed was supplemented with 0 (control), 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg curcumin to formulate five experimental feeds. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance was determined. Subsequently, CCl4 was used for the model experiment. The plasma and liver were collected for t...
Aylin Celile Oluk1*, Ugur Serbester2, Murat Reis Akkaya3 and Oya Berkay Karaca4
...lic acids, aromatic hydrocarbons and terpenes. Milk samples were collected at the early and late lactation periods from Hatay and Kilis, Turkey. During both periods, the goats consumed a diversity of plant species. Milk collected from Kilis had 15.27-16.10% total solids,5.70-6.50% fat and 4.80-5.10% protein. The lactose content did not differ significantly between milk samples from the two locations (3.90-4.20%). Total unsaturated fatty acid levels were signif...
BamideleAkinsanya1, Isaac O Ayanda2,*, Benson Onwusa1 and Joseph K Saliu1
...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mono-aromatic hydrocarbons-benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are chemicals derived from fossil fuels that easily get into the aquatic environment. These chemicals were investigated in the fish parasite Tenuisentis niloticus, as a reflection of the extent to which these compounds are present in the lagoon. One hundred (100) samples of Heterotis niloticus ...
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3, Waqas Raza1* and Mahmood Ahmad Randhawa4
...ynthesis disturbance and carbon metabolism re-programming have been studied yet, there is scary of data on plant amino acids after induction of resistance. Here we investigated the amino acid contents in induced and un-inoculated and invaded region after induction of resistance. The quantities of methionine, iso-leucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine contents in three (Pb-91, C-44 and Bittle-98) chickpea cultivars increased after induction and stress of ...
Imrana Khushk1, Abdul Nabi Jatt2, Abdul Sattar Qureshi1*, Choudhary Haider Ali3, Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto1, Imran Ibrahim Khaskheli1, Sartar Iqbal Panhwer1
...olysate or rice straw as carbon source. On-site produced cellulase from Bacillus subtilis OCS SH-2 was applied in the saccharification of pretreated wheat straw and rice straw. There was no significant difference when commercial cellulase youtell#7 and onsite produced cellulase were used in saccharification of high solid wheat straw simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). However, onsite produced cellulase does not need enzyme purification, packi...
Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Saba Saeed1
... with sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide and electrical conductivity whereas an inverse relationship was obtained with dissolved O2 for both Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala test mediums. It is concluded that acute concentration of nickel is lethal for both fish species with a significant difference of LC50 and lethal concentrations among two fish species.
Novelty Statement | The study is...
Muhammad Fiyyaz1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sarfraz Hussain3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1 and Aneela Riaz4
... processes. The adequate carbon level of the soil is 1.29 % but in Pakistani soils carbon is less than the adequate level because of high temperature and low rainfall. Different sources of organic matters such as farm yard manure, poultry waste, rice husk etc. can increase productiveness of soil. Combined usage of poultry waste material and chemical fertilizer improved maize growth and health of soil. This experiment compris...
Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Tajnees Pirzada1*, Abdul Majid2 and Farzana Rashid3
...s well as aliphatic hydrocarbon including methyl group, methylene group. SEM exhibited granular structure of HA that were present in aggregates with various shapes and diameter ranging from 5 to 10μm. HA with the concentration of 5ppm showed improved seed germination compared to other concentrations used in this study. This study suggests that HA with the concentration of 5ppm should be used in agricultural soil for best wheat seed germination. Further rese...
Masoomeh Sohrabi Mollayousefi1* and Babak Moghaddasi2
...rties like salinity, pH, carbonate content, sediment particle size and peculiarities were measured in the pre-defined sampling sites. Our findings show that Foraminifera and Ostracods abundance negatively dependent to the sediment particles’ size while positively correlated with water carbonate content. Other macro faunal communities positively increased in their abundance where the sediment particles size show increas...
Jia Li and Hong Yang*
...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was increased via a combination of alkyl polyglucosides and alkaline treatment during the waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. During the experimental study, the biodegradation efficiency of BaA was enhanced from 12.2% in the control to 25.6% at pH 10 and 46.7% at pH 10 and alkyl polyglucosides (APG) reactors. APG and alkaline treatment increased the BaA deposition desorption from the sludge and transfer i...
Amjed Ali1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Sehrish Firyal1, Abu Saeed Hashmi2, Asif Nadeem3, Shagufta Saeed1, Ali Raza Awan1 and Muhammad Wasim1
...f LB medium with various carbon sources including wheat bran, rice bran and molasses could increase the enzyme production from 25 to 43.7, 44.3 and 49 µmole/min whereas the nitrogen sources including tryptone, peptone and yeast extract could enhance the enzyme production from 25 to 40.21, 41 and 43.76 µmole/min, respectively. The highest β-lactamase production was recorded when the LB medium was supplemented with 4% wheat bran and 2% yeast ext...
Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4
...dium (Na+). In anions, bicarbonate (HCO3−), carbonate (CO32−), chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−) and sulphate (SO2-) were recorded. The Durov diagram was generated which delineated that the overall water samples fell under mixed zones, therefore, the groundwater found neither anion dominant nor cation dominant, but Na-Cl type. The results further revealed that 95% of water samples (38) were alkaline in n...
Mazhar Ullah and Mohammad Sayyar Khan*
...tion with each other and carbon sources [sucrose, glucose and fructose] with varying concentrations (2, 4 and 6%) were evaluated for their effect on the tissue culture of sugarcane variety-CP 77/400. For callus induction 2,4-D as an auxin was found to be most effective as compared to NAA. BAP and NAA in combination resulted in high regeneration capacities. Amongst the carbon sources, sucrose was most effective both for callu...
Najeeb Ullah1*, Muhammad Nadeem2, Malik Mujaddad-ur-Rehman1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Yasir Arfat3
... sources of nitrogen and carbon were screened in order to enhance the production of protease by a locally isolated Bacillus sp. In order to ensure the best results Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize five different independent variables including substrate, Molasses, temperature, pH and incubation period. Maximum protease activity was observed by using molasses (540.62 ± 26.77 IU/ml) as carbon ...
Muhammad Waryam Warraich1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Fakhar Mujeeb3, Muhammad Zeeshan Maznoor1, Aneela Riaz4 and Sarfraz Hussain2
...e efficacy of the use of carbon sequestering fertilizer (compost, press mud and fly ash) along with conventional potassium fertilizers (MOP & SOP) on wheat growth and potassium availability in soil. Carbon sequestering fertilizers were applied @ 0% (Control), 0.5 & 1% of soil weight along with recommended rated of commercial K fertilizers. After the crop was harvested, soil sampling was carried out followed by analys...
Wassan Mhammed Husain1*, Zainab Sattar Ali2
...mprove sperm function in carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) -treated and healthy adult rats. Twenty-four adult rats were randomly divided into four groups and given the following treatments for 28 days: G1: as a control, the animals were oral administration with DW. G2: healthy rats were given 0.035 mg/kg BW of Phitofert ® every day by gavage. G3: twice a week, they were given 500 mg/kg B.W. of CCL4 mixed with an equivalent volume of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg B.W.). G...
Ghulam Abbas, Sultan Mahmood*, Ahsan ul Haq and Haq Nawaz
...ry inclusion of sodium bicarbonate on production performance of caged layers during summer was studied. One hundred sixty commercial layers (24 weeks old) were purchased from a poultry farm and were reared in a group for one week (adaptation period). At the start of 25th week of age, these layers were divided into 20 experimental units/replicates (8 layers/ replicate), which were further allotted to five treatment groups (4 replicate/ treatment). Five diets (A...
Sherif Abdelghany1, Lynda Allouche2, Ahmed A. Abd El-Maksoud3, Ehab N. Daoud4, Saleh A. Kandeal1, Mohamed A. Radwan1*
... 200 g of potassium carbonate through 30 days. Milk yield for all cows were recorded, while a total number of 84 milk samples were collected on the tenth day of the trial and at the last day of the trail. In addition, 16 blood samples were collected for both groups. Milk composition, somatic cell count (SCC), and bacterial profile were evaluated. The results indicated that the average milk yield was higher in the treatment group, which increased by 10.3%,...
Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem, Reham R. El-Tanany and Adel E.M. Mahmoud*
...n comparison to sodium bicarbonate as a rumen buffer on the growth performance of lambs and nitrogen utilization. Thirty growing Barki lambs (live body weight 34±0.1kg, age: 6 months); divided into three groups (10 in each). Animal groups were randomly divided as follows: G1 (control group): lambs fed clover hay, concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus sodium bicarbonate (1% of dry matter (DM)), while lambs in G2 and G3 g...
Kanakuntla Sandhyarani*, Dhoppalapudi Madhuri, Yadala Ravikumar
...dehydration, high sodium carbonate, Copper sulfate, mycotoxins in feed causes renal failure leads to gout. The managemental practices involves high brooding temperature thereby reducing the water intake and hence increasing chances of development of gout. In addition, products used on a routine basis and result into toxicity includes antibiotics, anticoccidials, manufactured chemicals, and pesticides can also induce gout in poultry. Clinical signs include decr...
Nargis Sardar1*, Maria Binte Sarfraz2, Sufian Rasheed3 , AKM Rezwan Sardar4 , Fahamida Zaman5, Arsalan Rasheed6,7*
...ied were based on glassy carbon, carbon dots, or carbon paste, functionalized with the various electrochemical biosensors. Further research should be conducted on existing problems and future opportunities of the present electrochemical sensors for the determination of vitamin D.
Keywords: Vitamin D, Biosensor, Radiation, Carbon dots, Glassy
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi1,2*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3,4, Erkata Yandri3,4, Kiman Siregar5,6, Aris Winaya7, Damat Damat7, Wahyu Widodo7, Ahmad Wahyudi7, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4,8,
Maizirwan Mel9, Ivar Zekker10, Muhammad Zul Mazwan7, Devi Dwi Siskawardani7,
Endang Dwi Purbajanti11 and Ida Ekawati12
... the maintenance of soil carbon stocks are emphasized as vital parts of best management practice to achieve conditions in line with SDGs.
... 
Ikele*, Chika Bright, Ujunwa Aghaji, Mgbenka, Benard Obialo
...ion. Addition of organic carbon sources (CN 10:1, 20:1) were evaluated to stimulate rapid growth of microbial dynamics biomass whereas, no carbon sources were added in the control systems. The CN ratios (cassava and wheat) of 10:1 and 20:1 were; cassava (CA 10:1, 20:1) groups C, D, and wheat flour (WH10:1 and 20:1) groups E and F, respectively. Meanwhile, the normal controls, group A (inoculum, no c...
Zahra Jamilah Sabrina1, Adrian Pearl Gunawan2, Beryl Reinaldo Chandra2, Ilham Pangestu Harwoko3, Johannes Marulitua Nainggolan4,Widi Nugroho1*
...se. Xenograft from micro-carbonated hydroxyapatite (micro-CHA) and nano-CHA from bovine bone combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) was hypothesized to accelerate fracture healing. This study aimed to characterise micro-CHA and nano-CHA synthesized from bovine bone and analyze their effects as xenografts on fracture healing in Rattus norvegicus models. The micro-CHA was synthesized using thermal treatment at 720oC, and nano-CHA was made from the micro-CHA us...
Asmaa Khamis1, Osama Abdalla1, Mohamed Hashem2, Noha Abdelnaeim1*
...on rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). A total of 60 male albino rats were equally distributed in six groups. The first group received purified water and was kept as a control. The second and third groups were given oral PN and PM (500 mg/kg/day) for 31 days, respectively. The fourth group was intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (2 ml/kg/day) on days 15 and 16 of the experiment. The fifth and sixth groups received oral PN and PM (500 mg/kg/day)...
Asaad A. Fares1*, Mohamed M. Ghanem2, Yasein M. Abd El-Raof2, Hossam M. El-Attar2, Ameer A. Megahed2, Heba M. El-Khaiat2
...atinine, but decreased bicarbonate compared to non DCAD group. While after parturition urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate were decreased in the DCAD group, compared to the non DCAD group. Milk production was increased for the DCAD group compared with non DCAD group, but no differences were observed in the milk component. In conclusion, feeding negative DCAD in the late gestation period improves the performance and productivit...
Marwa Ragab Saeed Abdallah, Hussein Mohamed Hussein Mohamed, Mohamed Mohamed Talaat Emara, Mai Atef Mohamed
...lues, met-myoglobin, and carbonyl contents, high scavenging activity) and the highest sensory quality among the different treatments. The composite treatments extended the wholesomeness of pastirma to 16 weeks at 5 °C in comparison with 12, 8, and 4 weeks for uncoated vacuum-packed, aerobically packed WPI/BW, and untreated control samples, respectively. Therefore, the application of WBI/BW edible coating before packaging of pastirma may be safely used at a...
Nishant Shah1*, Rakesh Kumar Yadav1, Anil Gautam1*, Shambhu Shah1 and Mohan Kumar Gupta2
...aterial that consists of carbon and SiO2 which interestingly enhance ammonia adsorption. Keeping the above fact, this study was conducted to reduce ammonia reducing immunosuppression that manages susceptibility of E. coli. When the maximum level of ammonia was produced i.e., on day 34, intra-nasal administration of E. coli of strain χ7122 (serotype 078: K80:H9) at pathogenicity amount (9.4 x 105 cfu E. coli per bird) was done and morbidity and mortality ra...
Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Ayesha Safder Chaudhry1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1,3, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob3*, Mudassir Hussain4, Farrukh Saleem3 and Muhammad Fayaz3
...loride, potassium, and bicarbonate ions was found to be insignificant. A significant difference (P<0.05) was reported in various blood parameters in group A and B when compared with group C. However, all the observed values were within the normal range. It was concluded that resection of jejunum up to 20% in cats makes natural body weight gain while ≥40% jejunal resection increases morbidity and mortality risk....
Reyad R. Shawish, Reda E. Hamed*, Zakaria H. Elbayoumi
...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and comparison of their contents with the recommended standard limits. Regarding the obtained findings, kabab recorded the highest concentrations of PAHs and PAH4 (the sum of four different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, named benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) made it of the highest health risk to the consumers, followed by kofta, shawarma...
Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Shaista Ali1, Sumbla Yousaf2, Amina Rahat1 and Hamid Ullah Shah3
...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different barbecued mutton and beef samples available in district Peshawar, Pakistan. In addition, the effect of various grilling methods on PAH levels was evaluated. Mutton grilled with three grilling procedures, were analyzed for its PAHs content. A total of 120 samples were collected from local food vendor spots or general restaurants, and control samples of gas and electric grilled meat samples were also prepared ...
Shambel Boki Dabi
...he concentration of free carbon dioxide (P<0.05). However, no significant changes in alkalinity and chloride were found in any of the streams (P>0.05). Generally, even though the concentrations of the analyzed parameters vary among streams and river basins, they are generally within the range of fish production....
Abid Ali1*, Safia Naureen Malik3, Muhammad Akmal2, Hafeez Ullah Rafa2 and Abid Subhani3
...o (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), chloride (Cl) and sodium (Na) of the groundwater. The results revealed that out of 565 samples, 231 (41%) were fit; 149 (26%) were marginally fit, and; 185 (33%) were unfit regarding their quality. The maximum samples were found unfit for high RSC followed by EC and combined effect of EC and RSC, implying that use of such groundwater for irrigation may be a cause of salinity as well as sodicity for soils of the distric...
Umar Farooq Gohar, Attia Majeed, Bushra Muneer* and Hamid Mukhtar
...perature, inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized to attain maximum production of podophyllotoxin. The maximum production of 566.23µg/ml was achieved with yeast extract sucrose broth medium with 15% and 5% supplementation of glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively at pH 5.5 and temperature 25ºC. The endophytic fungi emerging as an alternative source of such medically impor...
Huajun Lin, Wei Qu and Zhuxian Yu*
...t of patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP) and its effect on patients’ cognitive function. A total of 64 patients with ACMP treated in our hospital from January 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the research object, and these 64 patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group by random number table method. Patients in the experimental group were treated with Dex and ganglioside, and the control group was treated with...
Al-Hassan M. Mostafa1*, Gehan Mohammed Sayed2
...ialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), Catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Garlic and coriander treated goats showed significant reduction of FEC as compared with control positive ones. Treated goats exhibit no changes in total peroxides while there were non significant changes of PC, MDA, Catalase and SOD, in contrast there was an obvious increase of GSH. Histopathologically, Abomasum tissue restored completely normal histolog...
Rafiq Ali Khan1, Sajjad Ahmed1, Salim Raza2* and Shehla Gul1
...rmation is a proven hydrocarbon reservoir in the Kohat–Potwar areas of Upper Indus basin. The geomechnical properties of the formation varies laterally and are not uniform due to which the drilling and field development is a serious challenge for petroleum companies. The Lockhart Formation is categorized into three lithological units to assess its geotechnical characteristics. The representative samples of the units are used for Unconfined Compressive St...
Hasnain Raza1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Imran1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram2 and Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1
...um (Mg), residual sodium carbonates (RSC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), carbonates (CO3), and bicarbonates (HCO3) by using standard analytical procedures. The contamination in the wastewater includes temperature, pH, EC, BOD, COD, TS, TDS, TSS, Na, Ca, Mg, K, SAR, RSC, CO3, HCO3, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn was 28.6 oC, 9.3, 2.47 uScm-1, 304mg/L, 408mg/L, 19160 mg/L, 14290mg/L, 4880mg/L, 2.96mg/L...
Mingqing Wang1 and Xiaojuan Chen2,*
...tial pressure (PaO2) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) were compared. We found that respiratory stimulant combined with different doses of glucocorticoid methylprednisolone positively improve the pH value of patients with acidosis, increase the partial pressure of oxygen and lower the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P<0.05 in all three groups). Methylprednisolone at 40mg every 12 h proved better than other d...
Layth Saleem Salman Al-Shihmani
...of soil, organic matter, carbonate minerals, and the cationic exchange capacity of the soil between the front and rear of the Kut Dam. As for the physical properties, there was a variation in the particle size distribution in the soil (sand and clay), as well as the values of the particle’s density and bulk density and total porosity of the soil between the front and rear of the Kut Dam. There was also a variation in the size distribution of some sand fr...
Uzma Hameed1*, Aneela Liaqat1, Muhammad Asjad Khan2, Ikram-Ul-Haq1 and Maham Aslam1
...as used. Among different carbon sources (maltose, glucose, starch, galactose, arabinose and sucrose) best results were obtained with soluble starch. Alpha-amylase production is sensitive to the supply of nitrogen sources. In this context, both inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, were evaluated. Optimal enzyme production was obtained with diluent supplemented with NaNO3 (0.25%) and peptone (0.25%) as inorganic and organic sources, respectively. Among the di...
Edhy Sudjarwo, Muharlien Muharlien, Osfar Sjofjan, Danung Nur Adli, Dyah Lestari Yulianti*
...imate, ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and dust particle.. A total 5,051 heads laying hens used were Hy-line laying hens aged 28 weeks reared for 28 weeks on the experimental diet. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and twelve replications. The parameters observed was growth performance, microclimate, and health. The cage location consisted Z1: near inlet; Z2: middle of housing; Z3; near outlet. Result were anal...
Manzoor Ali Magsi1*, Naimatullah Laghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, and Habibullah Magsi2
...um, magnesium, chloride, carbonate, and bicarbonate. The tillage practices were shallow and deep tillage-assisted with compost, poultry residuals, NPK, and FM (farmyard manure) in the study area for the wheat crop. It was found that the most effective tillage practices were Deep + NPK and Deep + FM in the study area for the crop. The maximum values of micro, macro, and stability aggregates ranged from 10.86 to 21.41, 73.32 t...
Rao Mansor Ali Khan* and Syed Amer Mahmood
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Mariam Temitope Baker2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji2
...corresponding to C-H and carbonyl C=O functional groups of fatty acid and esters. Jew’s mallow plants infected with Meloidogyne incognita on the field were treated with the fatty acid esters (FAE) and compared to deionised water and carbofuran as control in two season trials. There was increase in biomass and vegetative growth with notable reduction in M. incognita reproduction in plants treated with FAE at 0.75 mg/ml in the first and repeat experiments....
S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian
...ological and biochemical carbon source utilization using API 50CHB strips that
belonged to Bacillus cereus group. Bacillus cereus strain B48 secondary metabolite with protease and chitinase
activity was used as seed bacterization in green house experiments. In green house significant reduction in white
female development was observed for avermectin (84.53%) followed by B. cereus strain B48 (78.10%) as compared
to...
N. Hajra
...nita and their effect on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley, a mycorrhizal plant of family Cucurbitaceae. Biochemical analysis including carbon and nitrogen profiles was taken into account.The estimation of carbon profile comprising of carbohydrate, glucose, sucrose and total soluble sugars and nitrogen profile comprising of proteins, amino acids protea...
O. A. Fabiyi
...resence of anhydride and carbonyl stretching frequencies at 3638, 1702, 1735 and
1771 cm-1. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of the fractions showed signals that agreed with ozoic and
daniellic acids. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids,
terpenoids, reducing sugars, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides and carbohydrates. Nematicidal activity of D. oliveri
...
O. A. Fabiyi, G. A. Olatunji and O. Atolani
...ic acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, anhydrides, amides, mono and di substituted aromatics and long chain carbon fatty acid esters....
Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay, Stormy Vertygo
...entation, which requires carbon from soluble carbohydrates such as palmyra sap and nitrogen from Non-Protein Nitrogen such as urea. This experiment aimed to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and nutrient content of rice bran fermented anaerobically for six days. This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments included rice bran without palmyra sap and urea (T0), rice bran with 2% urea (T1),...
Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4
..., and ABDTPA (Ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine penta acetic acid) extractable phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were determined using standard protocols, with no further alterations. Soil variability mapping was done using ArcGIS ver. 10.7. through IDW interpolation. The results reveled that majority (40%) of soils were clayey in texture, followed by clay loam and silty clay loam (16% each). Slightly to moderately medium-textured soils were dominant, fo...
Ramanathan Baluchamy* and Gnanamani Radhakrishnan
... and reduce the level of carbon content and C/N ratio of the soil. Our field microcosm study included population density and estimation biochemical compounds. Considering the data on the occurrence of millipedes, two sites were identified at study area as Site I (with millipede occurrence) and Site II (without millipedes). The soil samples from both sites were subjected for the analysis of biochemical compounds such as organic carbon
Jamshid Ali1,2, Sabeeqa Usman Malik1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf1, Jia Zhongkui2, Zuhair Husnain3 and Saeed Gulzar1
...e has its mechanisms for carbon storage. Forests are important natural storehouses of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. Estimation of forest biomass in various ecosystems is of key importance in the context of international climate treaties. The objectives of the current study were to assess above-ground carbon (AGC), belowground carbon (BGC) and total <...
Mehran Ali* and Inamullah
... having high calcium and carbonate contents reduce Phosphorus (P) solubility and forming complex P compounds, make it unavailable to plants. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi could be helpful in the sustainable management of immobile P in soil. However, their use in releasing P from alternative sources in alkaline calcareous soils have been little investigated. To explore the influence of AM fungi and P management on wheat productivity, two year...
Nabi Ullah, Abdul Samad Mumtaz*, Lubna Anjum Minhas, Muhammad Kaleem, Rooma Waqar, Amber Jabeen and Ayesha Hanif
...nate CO3-2, Bicarbonate HCO3-1, Chloride Cl-1, Sulphate SO4-2, NO3-1, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+1, K+1, BOD and COD, Turbidity. The supreme supportive water physico-chemical parameters for the algal development was recorded are the Temperature, pH, and the presence of nutrients like NO3-1, Na+1, K+1, Mg+2, Ca+2. Hence, the current study reveals that District Bajaur is a rich source of algae and an ideal place for their cultivation....
Hazrat Usman1, Shakeel Ahmad2*, Salah Uddin3, Humaira Wasila3 and Yasser Durrani4
...ium, calcium, magnesium, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, and fluorides. The recorded average value ranges for each parameter provided insights into the characteristics of the well water samples. For example, pH values ranged from 6.87 to 7.53, indicating acidity or alkalinity levels. Turbidity, a measure of water clarity, varied from 0.5100 NTU to 45.633 NTU. Electric conductivity fell within the range of 261.00 µ...
Salim Saifullah1*, Tasmina Kanwal2 and Khadija Rehman2
...ollutants, such as black carbon and methane, exhibit substantial warming characteristics, thereby intensifying the greenhouse effect and expediting the process of global warming. The presence of aerosols and their chemical interactions can exert a significant influence on the formation and characteristics of clouds, thereby affecting climate patterns at both regional and global scales. Understanding the complex relationships between various factors are of the ...
Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2 and Nowsherwan Zarif1
... to estimate and compare carbon stocks in Guzara and Reserved Forests. Data was collected from 253 sample plots using a systematic random sampling technique. The total carbon stock in the study area was estimated as 1,374,702 tonnes. Out of this, 56% is in the soil, 33 % in aboveground biomass, 9% in belowground biomass and 2% in litter. Average carbon density was estimated as 100 t/ha in ...
Nurul Fajrih1,2, Komang Gede Wiryawan1*, Sumiati1 and Suraya Kaffi Syahpura3
...he extract was tested as carbon source for lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus) and pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella). Bacterial growth Media using control media without sugar sources, MRS + glucose media, and MRS + banana corm extract (BCE) media. Based on the results of the study, BCE contains glucomannan by 33.59% with a yield of 14.15%, and in vitro test results show that BCE is only able to be fermented by the lactic acid bacter...
Saman Rizwan and Sohaib Aslam*
...rcane field to determine carbon mineralization patterns. Two different residue management practices were chosen for this study; mulched (soil covered by residues) versus incorporated (residue incorporated in surface soil layer). Carbon mineralization patterns under two treatments were unique from each other. The results showed that all treatments enhance the carbon mineralization in soil w...
Promising Immunomodulation Potential of Ganoderma lucidium and Oregano as Mixture on Broiler Chicken
Fateh A. Badi*, Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, Naif Al-Gabri
...phagocytosis index using carbon clearance test. This study showed that haematological parameters (haematocrit, Hb, RBC, MCV, MHC and MHCH) were all within the normal range values in all the groups. The mixture of plant and mashroom insignificantly increased the total WBCs compared with G group. Mixture and Ganoderma groups was significantly decreased the heterphiles/lymphocytes ratio in comparing with C (p=.004, .03 respectively). The eosinophils were signific...
Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Muhammad Waryam Warraich1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Fakhar Mujeeb3, Muhammad Zeeshan Maznoor1, Aneela Riaz4 and Sarfraz Hussain2
...o access the efficacy of carbon sequestering fertilizers in this regard using wheat as a test crop under aridisols. Different carbon sequestering fertilizers (CSFs) i.e., press mud, compost and fly ash were applied @ 0% (control), 0.5 and 1% of soil weight along with recommended doses of two K chemical fertilizers (SOP and MOP). After the crop was harvested, soil sampling was carried out followed by analysis in the laborator...
Nusirat Aderinsola Sadiku1, Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi2* and Tesleem Taye Bello3
...ents with high phenolic, carbonyl and organic acid contents which have several pest control properties. Bamboo Pyroligneous Liquor (BPL) has proved effective in controlling several insect pests of many crops but its nematicidal potential is yet to be fully determined. We, therefore, investigated the nematicidal activities of Bamboo Pyroligneous Liquor in managing root-knot nematodes of Lactuca sativa in greenhouse trials. Bambusa vulgaris biomass was
Usama Mahalel1, Barakat M. Alrashdi1, Ibrahim Abdel-Farid1, Sabry El-Naggar2, Mohamed Hassan3, Hassan Elgebaly1 and Diaa Massoud1,4*
...st the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice at two different doses (low; 100 mg/kg BW and high; 500 mg/kg BW). The obtained results showed that CCl4 injection significantly reduced the body weights of mice and increased the relative liver weight. Treatment with M. forsskalii extract after CCl4 injection restores the weights of mice to the normal range and reduced the relative weight of the liver. Mice that were injected with CCl4 exhibited ele...
Ghusoon Hasan Jadaan1*, Khalisa K. Khudair2
...capacity(TAO-C), protein carbonyl(PC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gamma-glutamyl transferase concentration(GGT). The results indicated that 200 mg/kg of SiO2 - NPs orally for 4 weeks contributed to a substantial drop in serum TAC-O, an increase in MDA, GGT, PC, and ROS concentration, and attenuation of silica’s oxidative stress status, CP NPs (T3) or SiO2 NPs (T2) administered orally to female rats for four weeks constitutes a case of oxidative s...
Moazama Batool1*, Saima Naz2*, Sheeza Bano1, Sadia Nazir3, Ghulam Abbas4, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha5, Maria Lateef2 and Fatima Yasmin2
... in the test mediums and carbon dioxide, sodium, potassium, and electrical conductivity. On the contrary, a negative correlation was established between dissolved oxygen levels and both fish species in the test environment. These findings contribute to understanding the differential responses of Catla catla and Labeo rohita to the toxic effects of lead, nickel, and cadmium mixture....
MUHAMMAD MANSHA*1, QAMAR ALI1, UROOJ FATIMA DILAWARI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1 & MUHAMMAD TARIQ1
...ofile due to presence of carbonyl system. The bio-screening of 13 compounds was conducted and assessed against S. aureus, C. albicans and E. coli by agar well diffusion method. Chalcones analogues 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were found to be inactive or insignificant against E. coli. Chalcone analogue 9 showed moderate activity against E. coli. Similarly, compounds, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 were found to be inactive or insignificant against S. aureus. Analogues 4...
Samia S. Alkhalil1, Faisal Al-Sarraj2, Abeer S. Aloufi3, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh4, Mamdoh S. Moawadh4, Fayez M. Saleh5, Majid Al-Zahrani6, Waheeb Aggad7, Youssef S. Alghamdi8, Mutaib M. Mashraqi9, Saleh Alshamrani9 and
Mona H. Soliman10,11*
..., phagocytic response by carbon clearance assay system, lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P, antibody response to SRBCs, total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status of the rats and interleukin concentrations, along with histopathology of organs. Results of this study confirmed the immunomodulation and antioxidant capacity of Bacillus licheniformis against 28 µg/kg BW of aflatoxins. ...
