Toxicopathological Studies on Effects of Ectoparasites and Ivermectin Residue in Cow Hide Industerial Value
Toxicopathological Studies on Effects of Ectoparasites and Ivermectin Residue in Cow Hide Industerial Value
Marwa S. Khattab1*, Ahmed H. Osman1, Huda O. AbuBakr2, Rehab A. Azouz3, Asmaa A. Azouz4, Heba S. Farag5
ABSTRACT
Background: Cowhide quality is crucial in the manufacturing of leather products. Ectoparasites are one of the major problems that hinder the quality of the skin and urge the use of insecticides to control them. One of the commonly used anti-parasitic drugs is ivermectin in many food-producing animals. This study investigates the harmful effect of ectoparasites, and the side effects of commercial ivermectin drugs on the quality of skin collected from slaughterhouses in Egypt. Methodology: Overall, Ivermectin, pesticide, and veterinary drug residues were detected in 50 random bovine skin samples. Each sample was kept in a separate sterile plastic bag and transferred to the lab in an insulated icebox for detection of the presence of ivermectin residues using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Skin histopathology and immunohistochemistry of collagen were performed. Results: Ivermectin was detected in 36 samples, out of them 15 contained high ivermectin levels (100 ppb). Chlorpyrifos, piperonyl butoxide, and acetamiprid were below the limit of quantification in 3 samples only. Histopathology of tick-infested skin revealed severe multifocal eosinophilic dermatitis and inflammation of subcutaneous hypodermis (panniculitis) whereas, in the skin with high ivermectin residue, there was mild multifocal epithelial hyperplasia with mild perivascular mononuclear cells infiltration. Conclusion: Different levels of ivermectin residue were detected in bovine skin samples collected from slaughterhouses in Egypt however the degree of damage caused by ectoparasites exceeds the damage caused by ivermectin.
Keywords | Ectoparasites, Ivermectin, Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, Oxidative stress, Pesticides, Skin damage, Slaughterhouses.
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